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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-4-400-404</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">yvhmgo</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5608</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOOD HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гигиеническая оценка включения в рацион источников β-криптоксантина</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygienic evaluation of the  inclusion of β-cryptoxanthin sources in the diet</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7594-8336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирпиченкова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirpichenkova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент каф. экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kirpichenkova_e_v@staff.sechenov.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), associate professor, department of human ecology and environmental hygiene, I.M., Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: kirpichenkova_e_v@staff.sechenov.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirpichenkova_e_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2294-7444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королев</surname><given-names>Алексей Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolev</surname><given-names>Aleksei A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, профессор каф. экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: korolev.a@1msmu.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, professor, Department of human ecology and environmental hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: korolev.a@1msmu.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korolev.a@1msmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-3008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитенко</surname><given-names>Елена Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitenko</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент каф. экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: nikitenko_e_i@staff.sechenov.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), associate professor, Department of human ecology and environmental hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: nikitenko_e_i@staff.sechenov.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitenko_e_i@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5141-1841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисова</surname><given-names>Елена Леонидовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisova</surname><given-names>Elena L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент каф. экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университ), 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: denisova_e_l@staff.sechenov.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), associate professor, Department of human ecology and environmental hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: denisova_e_l@staff.sechenov.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denisova_e_l@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0135-7258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Онищенко</surname><given-names>Геннадий Григорьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Onishchenko</surname><given-names>Gennadiy G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, зав. каф. экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail ecolog.n@1msmu.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, academician of RAS, Head, Department of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ecolog.n@1msmu.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ecolog.n@1msmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>400</fpage><lpage>404</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кирпиченкова Е.В., Королев А.А., Никитенко Е.И., Денисова Е.Л., Онищенко Г.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кирпиченкова Е.В., Королев А.А., Никитенко Е.И., Денисова Е.Л., Онищенко Г.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirpichenkova E.V., Korolev A.A., Nikitenko E.I., Denisova E.L., Onishchenko G.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5608">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5608</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. β-криптоксантин является предшественником витамина А. К источникам с высоким уровнем содержания β-криптоксантина относятся разновидности перцев-специй (красный, кайенский, чили, паприка), хурма, папайя, сладкий красный перец.</p><p>Цель исследования – гигиеническая оценка структуры пищевых источников β-криптоксантина в рационе и частоты их использования.</p><p>Задачи исследования – оценить частоту включения в рацион пищевых источников β-криптоксантина в различные сезоны; выявить пищевые источники β-криптоксантина, отсутствующие в рационе респондентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для оценки частоты включения пищевых источников β-криптоксантина в рацион использовался частотный метод, для которого был разработан онлайн-опросник. Опрос проводился на платформе Google Forms в летне-осенний и зимний сезоны. В исследовании приняли участие 282 респондента.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В еженедельном рационе более трети респондентов присутствует свежий сладкий перец красного цвета, специи паприка и красный перец. Достоверные сезонные различия включения в рацион пищевых источников β-криптоксантина установлены для хурмы, апельсинов, мандаринов, кукурузы, соуса шрирача, нектаринов и абрикосов. Среди доступных источников β-криптоксантина в рационе большинства опрошенных отсутствуют или присутствуют редко апельсиново-грейпфрутовый сок, персики, нектарины, абрикосы, арбуз, чернослив, перцы халапеньо и чили, соусы, специя кайенский перец.</p><p>Ограничения исследования связаны с выборкой возрастной группы (студенты) и регионом наблюдения (Москва и Московская область).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Распространёнными пищевыми источниками β-криптоксантина являются свежий и приготовленный сладкий перец (красный, жёлтый и зелёный); специи паприка, красный перец, перец чили и содержащие их картофельные чипсы; апельсиновый сок; сушёная кинза; соус из острых перцев; кориандр; персики. Сезонные источники в летне-осенний период – нектарины и абрикосы, а в зимний период – хурма, апельсины, мандарины, сладкая кукуруза и соус шрирача. Многие доступные пищевые источники β-криптоксантина отсутствуют в рационе большинства респондентов или присутствуют в нём эпизодически.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет) (протокол заседания № 03-20 от 13.02.2020 г.) и проведено согласно требованиям Хельсинкской декларации Всемирной медицинской ассоциации (ред. 2013 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Вклад авторов</title><p>Вклад авторов: Кирпиченкова Е.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных, написание текста рукописи; Королев А.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование текста рукописи; Никитенко Е.И. – сбор и обработка данных, редактирование текста рукописи; Денисова Е.Л. – сбор и обработка данных; Онищенко Г.Г. – научное консультирование. Все соавторы – редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 16.11.2025 / Принята к печати: 24.03.2026 / Опубликована: 18.05.202</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. β-cryptoxanthin is a vitamin А precursor. Sources with high levels of β-cryptoxanthin are pepper varieties (red, cayenne, chili, paprika), persimmon, papaya, sweet red pepper. </p><p>The aim of the study is a hygienic assessment of the structure of food sources of β-cryptoxanthin in the diet and the frequency of their use. The tasks of the study are to assess the frequency of inclusion of food sources of β-cryptoxanthin in the diet in different seasons; to identify food sources of β-cryptoxanthin that are absent in the diet of respondents.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A frequency method was used to assess the frequency of inclusion of food sources of β-cryptoxanthin in the diet. An online questionnaire was specially developed. The survey was based on the Google forms platform in the summer-autumn and in the winter. The study involved two hundred eighty two respondents.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. More than a third of respondents’ weekly diet includes fresh red sweet pepper, paprika, and red pepper spices. Reliable seasonal differences in the inclusion of β-cryptoxanthin food sources in the diet were found for persimmons, oranges, tangerines, corn, Sriracha sauce, nectarines and apricots. Among the available sources of β-cryptoxanthin in the diet of most respondents are absent or rarely present orange-grapefruit juice, peaches, nectarines, apricots, watermelon, prunes, jalapeno and chili peppers, sauces, and cayenne pepper spice.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The limitations of this study are the age group analyzed (students) and the region of observation (Moscow and the Moscow region).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Common food sources of β-cryptoxanthin include fresh and cooked red, yellow, and green sweet peppers; paprika, red pepper, and chili pepper spices; potato chips; orange juice; dried cilantro; hot pepper sauce; coriander; peaches. Seasonal sources include nectarines and apricots in the summer and fall; and persimmons, oranges, tangerines, corn, and Sriracha sauce in the winter. A number of readily available food sources of β-cryptoxanthin are absent from the diets in most respondents or are included in them sporadically.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethical committee of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University) (meeting protocol No. 03-20 dated 13/02/2020), and was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Declaration of Helsinki for physicians conducting medical and biological research involving human subjects (as amended 2013).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Kirpichenkova E.V. – the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing text; Korolev A.A. – the concept and design of the study, editing text; Nikitenko E.I. – collection and processing of material, editing text; Denisova E.L. – collection and processing of material; Onishchenko G.G. – scientific consulting. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: November 11, 2025 / Accepted: March 24, 2026 / Published: May 18, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>β-криптоксантин</kwd><kwd>каротиноиды</kwd><kwd>пищевые источники</kwd><kwd>частотный опросник</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>β-cryptoxanthin</kwd><kwd>carotenoids</kwd><kwd>food sources</kwd><kwd>food frequency questionnaire</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Melse-Boonstra A., Vossenaar M., van Loo-Bouwman C.A., Kraemer K., de Pee S., West K.P., et al. Dietary vitamin A intake recommendations revisited: global confusion requires alignment of the units of conversion and expression. 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