medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-4-456-463ziygkumedlit-5617Research ArticleПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕPREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATIONТоксиколого-гигиеническая характеристика веществ группы хлорацетанилидов (обзор литературы)Toxicological and hygienic characteristics of substances of the chloroacetanilide group (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1344-3866СиницкаяТатьяна АлексеевнаSinitskayaTatyana A.

Член-корр. РАН, доктор мед. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник Центра гигиенического нормирования ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия

e-mail: sinitskaya.ta@fncg.ru

DSc (Medicine), professor, corresponding member of the RAS, Center for Hygienic Standardization, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation

e-mail: sinitskaya.ta@fncg.ru

sinitskaya.ta@fncg.ruПорошинМихаил АндреевичPoroshinMikhail A.

Науч. сотр. отд. ингаляционной токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора 141014, Мытищи, Россия

e-mail: poroshin.ma@fncg.ru

Researcher, Department of inhalation toxicology, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation

e-mail: poroshin.ma@fncg.ru

poroshin.ma@fncg.ruФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» РоспотребнадзораРоссияFederal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. ErismanRussian Federation2026180520261054456463Copyright © Синицкая Т.А., Порошин М.А., 20262026Синицкая Т.А., Порошин М.А.Sinitskaya T.A., Poroshin M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5617

Группа хлорацетанилидов (хлорацетамидов) представлена веществами, широко применяемыми в качестве гербицидов во многих странах мира, в том числе в Российской Федерации. В эту группу входят такие вещества, как алахлор, ацетохлор, бутахлор, диметенамид, метазахлор, метолахлор, пропизохлор. Российские и зарубежные авторы сходятся во мнении об эффективности веществ данной группы против однодольных злаковых и некоторых двудольных сорных растений. Несмотря на высокую эффективность, применение изучаемых веществ в связи с их токсичностью повышает риск их неблагоприятного влияния на здоровье работающих и населения.

Поиск токсикологических сведений, в том числе об отдалённых и специфических эффектах, проведён по данным литературы, заключительным отчётам Европейского агентства по безопасности продуктов питания (EFSA), а также доступным информационным ресурсам и базам (Codex Alimentarius, FAO/WHO, Extoxnet, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Springer Nature Link, CyberLeninka, PubMed, eLIBRARY).

Установлено, что токсичность веществ группы хлорацетанилидов различна, но все они обладают отдалёнными эффектами, метаболизируются в организме млекопитающих и объектах окружающей среды до более токсичных метаболитов, в том числе усиливающих повреждающее действие родительских соединений. При этом родительские соединения и их метаболиты токсичны для экосистем, гидробионтов, птиц, медоносных пчёл, червей, диких млекопитающих, устойчивы в почве и обладают подвижностью в грунтовых водах (модель FOCUS).

В доступной литературе отсутствует информация о токсическом действии веществ изучаемой группы при хроническом ингаляционном поступлении, что представляет научный интерес и аргументирует проведение соответствующих экспериментальных работ.

Вклад авторов

Вклад авторов: Синицкая Т.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Порошин М.А. – сбор материала и написание текста. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 14.07.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 20.11.2025 / Принята к печати: 24.03.2026 / Опубликована: 18.05.2026

The group of chloroacetanilides (chloroacetamides) comprises compounds widely used as herbicides in many countries around the world, including the Russian Federation. This group includes substances such as alachlor, acetochlor, butachlor, dimethenamid, metazachlor, metolachlor, and propisochlor. Currently, both Russian and international researchers agree on the effectiveness of these compounds against monocotyledonous grasses and certain dicotyledonous weed species. Despite their high efficacy, the use of the studied compounds, due to their toxicity, increases the risk of adverse effects on the health of workers and the general population.

The search for toxicological data, including information on delayed and specific effects, was conducted using existing literature, final reports of the European Food Safety Authority (hereinafter – EFSA), and accessible informational resources and databases (Codex Alimentarius, FAO/WHO, Extoxnet, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Springer Nature Link, CyberLeninka, PubMed, Elibrary).

The toxicity of chloroacetanilide group compounds has been established to vary. These substances are characterized by delayed effects and are metabolized in the bodies of mammals and in environmental objects to more toxic metabolites, some of which enhance the damaging effects of the parent compounds. Both the parent compounds and their metabolites are toxic to ecosystems, aquatic organisms, birds, honeybees, earthworms, and wild mammals. They are persistent in soil and exhibit mobility in groundwater (FOCUS model).

It should be noted that the existing literature lacks information regarding the toxic effects of the studied group of compounds under conditions of chronic inhalation exposure. This gap constitutes scientific interest and substantiates the need for corresponding experimental studies.

Contribution

Contribution: Sinitskaya T.A. – the concept and design of the study, editing; Poroshin M.A. – processing of material, writing text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: July 14, 2025 / Revised: November 20, 2025 / Accepted: March 24, 2026 / Published: May 18, 2026

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.