medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-5-493-498dijykhmedlit-5666Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEЭффективность комбинаций естественной фильтрации в снижении уровней биохимического и химического потребления кислорода в сточных водах прачечных: систематический обзорEffectiveness of natural filtration combinations in reducing BOD and COD levels in laundry wastewater: a systematic reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9339-3493УльфахНурнанингсих ХерьяUlfahNurnaningsih Herya

Канд. наук, ассистент, профессор, Государственный университет Маланга, 65145, Маланг, Республика Индонезия

e-mail: nurnaherya.fik@um.ac.id

Ph.D, Assist. Prof., State University of Malang, 65145, Malang, Republic of Indonesia

e-mail: nurnaherya.fik@um.ac.id

nurnaherya.fik@um.ac.idhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-524XАдиСаптоAdiSapto

М. Кес, профессор, доктор Государственного университета Маланга, 65145, Маланг, Республика Индонезия.

M.Kes, Prof. Dr. State University of Malang, 65145, Malang, Republic of Indonesia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-0744ХумайроМика ВернисияHumairoMika Vernicia

Магистр здравоохранения, Государственный университет Маланга, 65145, Маланг, Республика Индонезия.

M.PH, State University of Malang, 65145, Malang, Republic of Indonesia

АбидинМелати Настити НингрумAbidinMelati Nastiti Ningrum

Канд. мед. наук, Государственный университет Маланга, 65145, Маланг, Республика Индонезия.

S.KM, State University of Malang, 65145, Malang, Republic of Indonesia.

ФадилахАйся НурFadilahAisya Nur

S.KM, Государственный университет Маланга, 65145, Маланг, Республика Индонезия.

S.KM, State University of Malang, 5 Semarang Rd, 65145, Malang, Republic of Indonesia.

СурачАнуSurachAnu

Канд. мед. наук, ассистент, профессор, Университет Рамкхамхенг, 10240, Бангкок, Королевство Таиланд.

Ph.D, Assist. Prof, Ramkhamhaeng University, 282 Ramkhamhaeng Rd, 10240, Bangkok, Kingdom of Thailand.

Государственный университет МалангаState University of MalangУниверситет РамкхамхаенгRamkhamhaeng University2026180620261055493498Copyright © Ульфах Н., Ади С., Хумайро М., Абидин М., Фадилах А., Сурач А., 20262026Ульфах Н., Ади С., Хумайро М., Абидин М., Фадилах А., Сурач А.Ulfah N., Adi S., Humairo M., Abidin M., Fadilah A., Surach A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5666Введение

Введение. Растущий спрос на услуги прачечных в различных регионах требует особого контроля сточных вод, образующихся в этой отрасли. Сточные воды прачечных содержат вещества, которые без должной очистки могут вызывать загрязнение окружающей среды. Два ключевых показателя, определяемых в сточных водах прачечных: биохимическое потребление кислорода (БПК) и химическое потребление кислорода (ХПК).

Цель настоящей работы – поиск и анализ данных, касающихся использования комбинаций природных фильтрующих материалов для экологически безопасной и устойчивой очистки сточных вод прачечных.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Исследование представляет собой обзор литературы с использованием статей, опубликованных в базах данных Springer Link (n = 64), ProQuest (n = 91) и Google Scholar (n = 49) за последние десять лет. Отбор статей проведён по критериям включения и исключения. Первоначально по поисковым запросам было выявлено 204 статьи, из которых 200 были исключены на основании определённых критериев включения и исключения, в результате чего для нарративного синтеза использовали четыре статьи.

Результаты

Результаты. Анализ выявил, что комбинации природных фильтрующих материалов (активированный уголь, цеолит и другие дополнительные материалы, такие как кварцевый песок и гравий) значительно снижают концентрацию БПК и показатель ХПК в сточных водах прачечных. Эффективность удаления загрязняющих веществ составляла 20–85,67% для БПК, а снижение ХПК достигало 87,8% в зависимости от состава и соотношения используемых фильтрующих материалов. Эти результаты показывают, что правильный выбор и комбинация фильтрующих материалов существенно влияют на конечное качество очищенных сточных вод.

Ограничения исследования

Ограничения исследования. Ограниченное количество использованных в анализе статей и различия в составе фильтрующих материалов и параметрах обработки могут повлиять на сопоставимость результатов.

Заключение

Заключение. Продемонстрирован потенциал комбинации экологически чистых природных фильтрующих материалов и эффективных методов очистки сточных вод прачечных. Использование активированного угля, цеолита, кварцевого песка и гравия способствует снижению уровней БПК и ХПК, при этом эффективность очистки зависит от состава и соотношения используемых фильтрующих материалов.

Вклад авторов

Вклад авторов: Ульфа Н.Х. – концепция исследования, научное руководство, редактирование; Ади С. – проверка достоверности, научное руководство; Хумайро М.В. – подготовка данных, научное руководство; Абидин М.Н.Н. – сбор данных, визуализация; Фадила А.Н. – анализ данных, написание текста; Сурач А. – концептуальные рекомендации. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.

Благодарность

Благодарность. Авторы выражают благодарность Государственному университету Маланга за поддержку при проведении данного исследования. Условия, академическая среда и ресурсы, предоставленные университетом, сыграли важную роль в успешном завершении этого исследования.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Поступила

Поступила: 09.12.2025 / Принята к печати: 24.03.2026 / Опубликована: 18.06.2026

Introduction

Introduction. The increasing demand for laundry services in various regions presents challenges in managing wastewater generated by the laundry industry. Wastewater from laundry operations contains pollutant levels that can cause environmental pollution if not properly treated. Two key parameters found in laundry wastewater are Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).

Objective – to identify and analyze research findings related to the use of natural filtration combinations in environmentally friendly and sustainable laundry wastewater treatment.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. This research is a literature review using secondary data from articles published in the Springer Link (n = 64), ProQuest (n = 91), and Google Scholar (n = 49) databases over the past ten years and relevant to the topic. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied during the article selection process. A total of 204 articles were initially identified based on the search terms, and 200 articles were excluded based on the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, leaving 4 articles for narrative synthesis.

Results

Results. The analysis revealed that combinations of natural filtration media, including activated charcoal, zeolite, and other supplementary materials such as silica sand and gravel, exhibited considerable efficacy in reducing BOD and COD concentrations in laundry wastewater. The pollutant removal efficiency ranged from 20% to 85.67% for BOD, while COD reduction reached up to 87.80%, depending on the composition and ratio of the filtration materials used. These results indicate that the proper selection and combination of filtration media significantly influence the final quality of the treated wastewater.

Limitations

Limitations. The limited number of reviewed articles and differences in filtration material composition and treatment parameters may affect the comparability of the findings.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Natural filtration combinations demonstrate potential as environmentally friendly and sustainable methods for laundry wastewater treatment. The use of activated charcoal, zeolite, silica sand, and gravel contributes to the reduction of BOD and COD levels, while the effectiveness of treatment depends on the composition and ratio of filtration materials applied.

Contribution

Contribution: Ulfah N.H. – concept of the study, supervision, editing; Adi S. – validation, supervision; Humairo M.V. – data curation, supervision; Abidin M.N.N. – data collection, visualization; Fadilah A.N. – data analize, writing text; Surach A. – conceptual advice. All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by State University of Malang throughout the course of this research. The facilities, academic environment, and resources offered by the institution played a vital role in the successful completion of this study.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: December 9, 2025 / Accepted: March 24, 2026 / Published: June 18, 2026

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.