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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-5-541-546</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">hrhtsz</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5678</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние полиморфизмов генов воспалительного ответа на развитие профессиональных и производственно обусловленных болезней (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Impact of polymorphisms of inflammatory response genes on the development of occupational and work-related diseases (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-7288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кикоть</surname><given-names>Анна Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kikot</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отд. молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kikotam@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: kikotam@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kikotam@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7029-3406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаихова</surname><given-names>Дарья Рамильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaikhova</surname><given-names>Daria R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отд. молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: darya.boo@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: darya.boo@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">darya.boo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4109-9268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Берёза</surname><given-names>Иван Андреевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bereza</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отд. молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: berezaia@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: berezaia@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">berezaia@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутункова</surname><given-names>Марина Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutunkova</surname><given-names>Marina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, директор ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: sutunkova@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), director, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: sutunkova@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sutunkova@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>541</fpage><lpage>546</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кикоть А.М., Шаихова Д.Р., Берёза И.А., Сутункова М.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кикоть А.М., Шаихова Д.Р., Берёза И.А., Сутункова М.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kikot A.M., Shaikhova D.R., Bereza I.A., Sutunkova M.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5678">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5678</self-uri><abstract><p>Воспаление, ключевым регулятором которого являются цитокины, служит универсальным патогенетическим процессом развития профессиональных болезней, при этом генетическая вариабельность в генах воспалительного ответа обусловливает предрасположенность организма к воздействию вредных факторов и развитию патологий. Генетические полиморфизмы рассматриваются как биомаркёры чувствительности для выделения групп риска среди работников, что закладывает основу для персонализированной профилактики и фармакогенетики. В связи с этим необходимы систематизация и анализ научных данных о роли полиморфизмов ключевых генов воспалительного ответа в формировании индивидуальной предрасположенности к развитию профессиональных и производственно обусловленных патологий.</p><p>Поиск проведён в базах данных PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY и КиберЛенинка. Использованы ключевые слова: «профессиональные заболевания», «гены воспаления», «интерлейкины», «TNF-α», «полиморфизмы». В обзор включено 49 научных работ. Большинство найденных исследований было посвящено влиянию полиморфизмов генов воспалительного ответа на развитие профессиональных болезней органов дыхания и кожи. Перспективными биомаркёрами для данных патологий являются полиморфизмы гена TNF-α (rs1800629, rs361525), аллель А и генотип АА связаны с развитием пневмокониоза, силикоза, асбестоза и профессиональных дерматитов. Также сообщалось о роли полиморфизмов генов IL-1β, IL-4 и IL-6 в развитии профессиональных болезней, однако аллели и генотипы, ассоциированные с риском или защитой от профессиональных патологий, варьируют в зависимости от этнических особенностей и установленных диагнозов.</p><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полиморфизмы генов воспалительного ответа вносят значимый вклад в индивидуальную предрасположенность к профессиональным болезням, особенно лёгких и кожи. Наиболее доказана роль полиморфизмов генов TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4 и IL-6. Однако для внедрения генетических маркёров в практику необходимы дальнейшие крупные и функциональные исследования, учитывающие взаимодействие «ген – среда», популяционные особенности и стандартизацию фенотипов.</p></sec><sec><title>Вклад авторов</title><p>Вклад авторов: Кикоть А.М. – обзор публикаций по теме статьи, написание текста; Шаихова Д.Р. – обзор публикаций по теме статьи, написание текста; Берёза И.А. – обзор публикаций по теме статьи, написание текста; Сутункова М.П. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 12.03.2026 / Принята к печати: 20.05.2026 / Опубликована: 18.06.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Inflammation, the key regulators of which are cytokines, is a universal pathogenetic process underlying the development of occupational diseases. Genetic variability in inflammatory response genes determines predisposition of the body to adverse effects of hazards and the disease onset. Gene polymorphisms are considered as biomarkers of susceptibility for identifying risk groups among workers, laying the foundation for personalized disease prevention and pharmacogenetics. In this regard, it is necessary to systematize and analyze research data on the role of polymorphisms of key inflammatory response genes in the formation of individual predisposition to the development of occupational and work-related diseases.</p><p>We searched for relevant reports in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY, and CyberLeninka databases using the following keywords: occupational diseases, inflammatory response genes, interleukins, TNF-α, and polymorphisms, and selected forty nine scientific papers for the review. Most studies on the influence of inflammatory response gene polymorphisms were found for occupational respiratory and skin diseases. Promising biomarkers for these disorders include TNF-α gene polymorphisms (rs1800629, rs361525); the A allele and AA genotype are associated with the development of pneumoconiosis, silicosis, asbestosis, and occupational dermatitis. Polymorphisms of the IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-6 genes have also been reported to play a role in the development of occupational diseases. However, the alleles and genotypes associated with the risk or protection from occupational diseases vary depending on ethnic characteristics and pre-existing non-occupational conditions.</p><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Polymorphisms of inflammatory response genes make a significant contribution to individual susceptibility to occupational diseases, particularly those affecting the lungs and skin. Their role has been best documented for polymorphisms of the TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-6 genes. However, further large-scale and functional studies taking into account the gene–environment interplay, population characteristics, and phenotype standardization are needed to implement genetic markers in clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Kikot A.M., Shaikhova D.R., Bereza I.A. – literature review on the topic and draft manuscript preparation; Sutunkova M.P. – study conception and design, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March 12, 2026 / Accepted: May 20, 2026 / Published: June 18, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полиморфизмы</kwd><kwd>гены воспаления</kwd><kwd>профессиональные болезни</kwd><kwd>интерлейкины</kwd><kwd>биомаркёры чувствительности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polymorphisms</kwd><kwd>inflammatory genes</kwd><kwd>occupational diseases</kwd><kwd>interleukins</kwd><kwd>biomarkers of susceptibility</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chair S.Y., Chan J.Y.W., Law B.M.H., Chien W.T. Genetic susceptibility in pneumoconiosis in China: a systematic review. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 2023; 96(1): 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-022-01893-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chair S.Y., Chan J.Y.W., Law B.M.H., Chien W.T. 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