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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-6-594-603</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">cdbqjg</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5747</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обоснование предельно допустимой концентрации β-N-метиламино-L-аланина в воде водоёмов хозяйственно-питьевого и культурно-бытового водопользования населения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rationale for the permissible concentration of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine in drinking water supplies and water used for household consumption for the population</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-0690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицына</surname><given-names>Оксана Олеговна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyna</surname><given-names>Oxana O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, зам. директора по научной работе ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, директор Института комплексных проблем гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: oxsin66@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, corresponding member of the RAS, deputy director for Research, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: sinitsyna.oo@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oxsin66@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7668-9324</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турбинский</surname><given-names>Виктор Владиславович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turbinsky</surname><given-names>Viktor V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. отд. гигиены воды, гл. науч. сотр. ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: turbinskii.vv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), associate professor, head of the Water hygiene department, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: turbinskii.vv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">turbinskii.vv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5932-6350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкарева</surname><given-names>Мария Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkareva</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены воды ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: pushkareva.mv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, chief researcher, Water hygiene department, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: pushkareva.mv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pushkareva.mv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-0185</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузь</surname><given-names>Надежда Валентиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuz</surname><given-names>Nadezhda V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены воды ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф. Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: nadezhda.v.k@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), head, Department of communal hygiene, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: nadezhda.v.k@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadezhda.v.k@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8019-1203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширяева</surname><given-names>Маргарита Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shiryaeva</surname><given-names>Margarita A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены воды ФБУН «ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: shiryaeva.ma@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Department of water hygiene, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: shiryaeva.ma@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shiryaeva.ma@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0899-3505</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ряшенцева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Максимовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryashentseva</surname><given-names>Tatiana M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены воды ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ryashenceva.tm@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Department of water hygiene, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, 141014, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ryashenceva.tm@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ryashenceva.tm@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1539-1633</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масальцев</surname><given-names>Глеб Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Masaltsev</surname><given-names>Gleb V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, зав. отд. токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: masalcev.gv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), head, Toxicology department, Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: masalcev.gv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">masalcev.gv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0073-1677</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафандеев</surname><given-names>Виталий Васильевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safandeev</surname><given-names>Vitaly V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, зав. отд. ингаляционной токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: Visa.doc@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), head, Department of inhalation toxicology, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: Visa.doc@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Visa.doc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «ФНЦГ имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «ФНЦГ имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора; ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в городе Москве» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman; Centre of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>594</fpage><lpage>603</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Синицына О.О., Турбинский В.В., Пушкарева М.В., Кузь Н.В., Ширяева М.А., Ряшенцева Т.М., Масальцев Г.В., Сафандеев В.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Синицына О.О., Турбинский В.В., Пушкарева М.В., Кузь Н.В., Ширяева М.А., Ряшенцева Т.М., Масальцев Г.В., Сафандеев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sinitsyna O.O., Turbinsky V.V., Pushkareva M.V., Kuz N.V., Shiryaeva M.A., Ryashentseva T.M., Masaltsev G.V., Safandeev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5747">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5747</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Небелковая аминокислота β-N-метиламино-L-аланин (далее – БMAA) – соединение, которое вырабатывают некоторые виды цианобактерий, обитающих в пресных и морских водах, почве, а также отдельные представители фитопланктона, распространённые повсеместно в водных и наземных экосистемах. По пищевой цепи БMAA попадает в зоопланктон, клетки беспозвоночных животных, ткани рыб, а далее – в организм высших животных. У человека БMAA вызывает изменения, которые в отдалённые сроки жизни проявляются в виде болезни Альцгеймера, бокового амиотрофического склероза и паркинсонизма. </p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В качестве материала в экспериментальных исследованиях использован сертифицированный эталонный аналитический стандарт БMAA. Молекулярная формула – С4H10N2O2, молекулярный вес – 118,13 г/моль, CAS 15920-93-1. Изучены результаты отечественных и зарубежных научных исследований физико-химических свойств и токсичности БМАА, а также экспериментально определено её влияние на органолептические свойства воды и санитарный режим водоёма, выполнена оценка общетоксического, эмбриотоксического и тератогенного действия в условиях внутрижелудочного поступления в организм животных. Обработку первичных данных осуществляли при помощи программы Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Статистический анализ проводили в программе SPSS Statistics v. 22.0 при α = 0,05. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлены параметры воздействия БМАА на запах воды и БПК (пороговые концентрации – 10 и 3 мг/л соответственно), а также пороговая доза по общетоксическому действию в условиях подострого эксперимента. С использованием методов прогноза рассчитана максимальная недействующая концентрация по санитарно-токсикологическому показателю вредности (0,05 мг/кг м.т.).</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследования</title><p>Ограничение исследования. Исследования ограничены длительностью подострого эксперимента. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Обоснованы величина ПДК БМАА в воде хозяйственно-питьевого и культурно-бытового водопользования на уровне 1 мг/л, санитарно-токсикологический показатель вредности, 3-й класс опасности. Для контроля содержания БМАА в воде разработан проект методических указаний «Количественное определение β-N-метиламино-L-аланина в питьевой и природной воде методом иммуноферментного анализа» с нижним пределом количественного измерения 0,005 мг/л.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Получено положительное заключение комиссии по биомедицинской этике ФБУН ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана Роспотребнадзора (протокол № 03/22 от 21.11.2022 г.). </p></sec><sec><title>Вклад авторов</title><p>Вклад авторов: Синицына О.О. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Турбинский В.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование; Пушкарева М.В., Ширяева М.А. – написание текста, редактирование; Кузь Н.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста; Ряшенцева Т.М., Масальцев Г.В., Сафандеев В.В. – сбор материала. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках реализации государственной программы «Обеспечение химической и биологической безопасности Российской Федерации» на 2021–2024 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 03.03.2026 / Поступила после доработки: 20.04.2026 / Принята к печати: 18.06.2026 / Опубликована: 31.07.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The non-proteinogenic amino acid β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a compound produced by certain types of cyanobacteria inhabiting fresh and marine waters and soil, as well as by certain representatives of phytoplankton widespread in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Through the food chain, BMAA enters zooplankton and the cells of invertebrates, accumulates in fish tissues, and subsequently enters the organisms of higher animals and humans.</p><p>In the human body, BMAA causes changes that manifest later in life as Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and parkinsonism. </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A certified reference analytical standard of BMAA was used as the material in experimental studies. Molecular formula: C₄H₁₀N₂O₂, molecular weight: 118.13 g/mol, CAS 15920-93-1. Primary data processing was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS Statistics v. 22.0 at α = 0.05. The studies included an analysis of domestic and international scientific research results on the physicochemical properties and toxicity of BMAA, as well as an experimental study of its effect on the organoleptic properties of water and the sanitary regime of the water body. Assessment of general toxic, embryotoxic, and teratogenic effects was conducted under conditions of intragastric administration to animals.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Parameters of BMAA impact on water odor and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) were established (threshold concentrations of 10 and 3 mg/L, respectively), as well as the threshold dose for general toxic effects under subacute experimental conditions. Using forecasting methods, the maximum no-effect concentration was calculated based on the sanitary-toxicological hazard indicator (0.05 mg/kg b.w.).</p></sec><sec><title>Limitation</title><p>Limitation. The studies are limited by the duration of the subacute experiment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The value of the Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC) of BMAA in water for household, drinking, and cultural-domestic use is justified at the level of 1 mg/L (sanitary-toxicological hazard indicator, Hazard class 3). For monitoring content in water, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was developed with a measurement range of 0.005–5.0 mg/L.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. Approval was obtained from the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman” (Protocol No. 03/22 dated 11/21/2022).</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions: Sinitsyna O.O. – conceptualization and design of the study, editing; Turbinsky V.V. – conceptualization and design of the study, writing of the text, editing; Pushkareva M.V., Shiryaeva M.A. – writing of the text, editing; Kuz N.V. – conceptualization and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing of the text; Ryashentseva T.M., Masaltsev G.V., Safandeev V.V. – data collection. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March 3, 2026 / Revised: April 20, 2026 / Accepted:  June 18, 2026 / Published: July 31, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цианотоксины</kwd><kwd>β-N-метиламино-L-аланин</kwd><kwd>общетоксическое действие</kwd><kwd>эмбриотоксическое действие</kwd><kwd>тератогенное действие</kwd><kwd>вода</kwd><kwd>предельно допустимая концентрация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cyanotoxins</kwd><kwd>β-N-methylamino-L-alanine</kwd><kwd>general toxic effect</kwd><kwd>embryotoxic effect</kwd><kwd>teratogenic effect</kwd><kwd>water</kwd><kwd>maximum permissible concentration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова А.А., Кокшарова О.А. Нейротоксичная небелковая аминокислота – β-N-метиламин-L-аланин и ее роль в биологических системах. 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