<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-6-604-614</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">cfbgtk</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5748</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние социально-демографических и экологических факторов на здоровье жителей приграничных районов местного управления штата Огун Федеративной Республики Нигерия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effects of socio-demographic and environmental factors on health of residents in border communities of Ogun state Nigeria</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6252-0684</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чукву</surname><given-names>Генри Осита</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chukwu</surname><given-names>Henry Osita</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. наук, Департамент экономики и исследований развития, демографии и социальной статистики, Университет Ковенант, +234, Ота, Нигерия</p><p>e-mail: henry.chukwupgs@stu.cu.edu.ng</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD candidate Demography and Social Statistics, Covenant University Ota, +234 Nigeria</p><p>e-mail: henry.chukwupgs@stu.cu.edu.ng</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">henry.chukwupgs@stu.cu.edu.ng</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1678-0331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азух</surname><given-names>Доминик</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azuh</surname><given-names>Dominic</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Профессор, Департамент экономики и исследований развития, демографии и социальной статистики, Университет Ковенант, +234 Ота, Нигерия</p><p>e-mail: dominic.azuh@covenantuniversity.edu.ng</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor Demography and Social Statistics, Covenant University Ota, +234 Nigeria</p><p>e-mail: dominic.azuh@covenantuniversity.edu.ng</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dominic.azuh@covenantuniversity.edu.ng</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3654-4862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оладосун</surname><given-names>Муйива</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oladosun</surname><given-names>Muyiwa</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доцент, Департамент экономики и исследований развития, демографии и социальной статистики, Университет Ковенант, +234, Ота, Нигерия</p><p>e-mail: muyiwa.oladosun@covenantuniversity.edu.ng</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor Demography and Social Statistics, Covenant University Ota, +234, Nigeria</p><p>e-mail: muyiwa.oladosun@covenantuniversity.edu.ng</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">muyiwa.oladosun@covenantuniversity.edu.ng</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Ковенант</institution><country>Нигерия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Covenant University Ota</institution><country>Nigeria</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>604</fpage><lpage>614</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чукву Г., Азух Д., Оладосун М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чукву Г., Азух Д., Оладосун М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chukwu H., Azuh D., Oladosun M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5748">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5748</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Штат Огун в Нигерии граничит с Республикой Бенин. Социально-демографические характеристики населения и факторы окружающей среды влияют на показатели здоровья жителей данного региона. </p><p>Цель настоящего исследования – определение вклада социально-демографических и экологических факторов в благополучие жителей приграничных районов местного управления штата Огун (Федеративная Республика Нигерия).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Рассмотренные социально-демографические факторы: возраст, пол, семейное положение, число детей, место жительства, продолжительность проживания в данном месте, уровень образования, уровень дохода, род занятий и религия. Факторы, влияющие на здоровье населения: доступность медицинских учреждений, стоимость медицинских услуг, доступ к чистой воде и санитарные условия. Исследование основано на количественной оценке данных, полученных при помощи анкетирования членов домохозяйств в нескольких приграничных общинах. Структурированные анкеты анализировали с помощью SPSS версии 20.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Результаты показывают, что такие социально-демографические факторы, как род занятий, уровень дохода, уровень образования, место жительства, продолжительность проживания в данном месте и возраст респондентов, а также доступность медицинских учреждений, стоимость медицинских услуг, доступ к чистой воде и санитарные условия существенно влияют на показатели здоровья жителей приграничных районов местного управления штата Огун (Нигерия).</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Большинство жителей не понимали английского языка или не говорили на нём свободно. Исследователь приложил дополнительные усилия, чтобы нанять и обучить научных сотрудников, которые могли бы понимать и свободно говорить по-английски, а также понимать и говорить на местных диалектах этих приграничных сообществ, прежде чем исследование могло начаться. Сбор данных, который проходил в трёх районах местного управления (административные единицы – Local Government Areas, LGA) штата Огун Федеративной Республики Нигерия, также увеличил стоимость транспортировки и другой логистики, необходимой для проведения исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В результате проведённого исследования рекомендовано предоставлять доступные и адекватные медицинские услуги в изученных приграничных районах местного управления штата Огун Федеративной Республики Нигерия, что поможет улучшить состояние здоровья респондентов.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено Комитетом по этике Ковента (CHREC), номер протокола HREC: CHREC/420/2023, соответствовало этическим стандартам проведения исследований с участием людей.</p></sec><sec><title>Вклад авторов</title><p>Вклад авторов: Чукву Г.О. – разработка концепции, методология, проверка достоверности, исследование, обработка данных, формальный анализ, написание текста, администрирование проекта, привлечение финансирования; Азух Д. – разработка концепции, методология, проверка достоверности, написание обзора и редактирование, научное руководство, администрирование проекта, привлечение финансирования; Оладосун М. – методология, проверка достоверности, написание обзора и редактирование, научное руководство, администрирование проекта. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Благодарность</title><p>Благодарность. Выражаем благодарность Центру исследований, инноваций и открытий Университета Ковенант (CUCRID) за поддержку публикации.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование получило стартовое финансирование от Центра исследований, инноваций и открытий Университета Ковенант (номер гранта CSG/0103/24/01), что оказало значительную помощь в проведении работ.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 14.02.2026 / Принята к печати: 24.03.2026 / Опубликована: 31.07.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Ogun State in Nigeria shares boundaries with the Benin Republic. Socio-demographic characteristics of people and environmental health factors within a given area can influence the health outcomes of the residents. </p><p>This study examines the effects of socio-demographic and environmental health factors on well-being of residents in border communities of Ogun State, Nigeria. </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The socio-demographic factors which were considered include age, sex, marital status, number of children, location, duration in location, level of education, income level, occupation and religion. While the environmental health factors comprise availability of health facilities, cost of health services, access to clean water and sanitation status. The study used the quantitative method research design, employing structured questionnaires, which were administered to selected households within the border communities. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Results show that socio-demographic factors such as occupation, income level, level of education, duration in location, location and age of respondents, in addition to availability of health facilities, cost of health services, access to clean water and sanitation status significantly affect the health outcomes of residents in border communities of Ogun State Nigeria. </p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. Most of the residents could not understand or speak English language fluently. The researcher went the extra mile to recruit and train research assistants who could understand and speak fluent English language and also understand and speak the local dialects of these border communities before the study could start. The data collection which took place in three different LGAs in Ogun State Nigeria also raised the cost of transportation and the cost of other logistics required to conduct the study. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The study recommends provision of affordable and adequate health services in these border areas, which will help to improve the health outcomes of the respondents.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study complied with ethical standards on investigation on human subjects by obtaining ethical approval from Covenant Health Research Ethics Committee (CHREC), with the HREC Protocol Assigned Number CHREC/420/2023.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Henry Osita Chukwu – conceptualization, methodology, validation, investigation, data curation, formal analysis, writing-original draft preparation, project administration, funding acquisition; Dominic Azuh – conceptualization, methodology, validation, writing-review and editing, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition; Muyiwa Oladosun – methodology, validation, writing-review and editing, supervision, project administration. All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. We thank the Covenant University Centre for Research, Innovation and Discovery (CUCRID) for their publication support.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study received seed grant funding from Covenant University Centre for Research, Innovation and Discovery with grant number CSG/0103/24/01, which helped immensely in conducting this research and we are grateful.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: February 14, 2026 / Accepted: March 24, 2026 / Published: July 31, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социально-демографические факторы</kwd><kwd>факторы окружающей среды</kwd><kwd>здоровье</kwd><kwd>приграничные районы местного управления</kwd><kwd>Федеративная Республика Нигерия</kwd><kwd>штат Огун</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>socio-demographic</kwd><kwd>environmental factors</kwd><kwd>health</kwd><kwd>border communities</kwd><kwd>Ogun State Nigeria</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cureño-Díaz M.A., Hernández-Mariano J.Á., Gómez Zamora E., González Zavala V.J. Association between socio-demographic factors and reasons for medical care in Mexican adults. J. Family Med. Prim. Care. 2025; 14(4): 1279–87. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1427_24 https://elibrary.ru/jnwrfe</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cureño-Díaz M.A., Hernández-Mariano J.Á., Gómez Zamora E., González Zavala V.J. Association between socio-demographic factors and reasons for medical care in Mexican adults. J. Family Med. Prim. Care. 2025; 14(4): 1279–87. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1427_24 https://elibrary.ru/jnwrfe</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braveman P., Gottlieb L. The social determinants of health: It’s time to consider the causes of the causes. Public Health Rep. 2014; 129(Suppl. 2): 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549141291s206</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braveman P., Gottlieb L. The social determinants of health: It’s time to consider the causes of the causes. Public Health Rep. 2014; 129(Suppl. 2): 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549141291s206</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hahn R.A. What is social determinant of health? Back to basics. J. Public Health Res. 2021; 10(4): 2324. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2324</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hahn R.A. What is social determinant of health? Back to basics. J. Public Health Res. 2021; 10(4): 2324. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2324</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Faria L., Alvarez R.E.C., Santo L.A.C. Socioeconomic inequality in Latin America and the Carribean: The post-pandemic future for the training of health professionals. Hist. Cienc. Saude Manguinhos. 2023; 30(Suppl. 1): e2023029. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702023000100029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Faria L., Alvarez R.E.C., Santo L.A.C. Socioeconomic inequality in Latin America and the Carribean: The post-pandemic future for the training of health professionals. Hist. Cienc. Saude Manguinhos. 2023; 30(Suppl. 1): e2023029. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702023000100029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Lancet. Housing: An overlooked social determinant of health. Lancet. 2024; 403(10438): 1723. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00914-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Lancet. Housing: An overlooked social determinant of health. Lancet. 2024; 403(10438): 1723. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00914-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fantin R., Gómez-Duarte I., Rojas-Araya K., Sáenz-Bonilla J.P., Barboza-Solis C. Identification of areas with geographical access difficulties to public health services in Costa Rica: A methodological proposal. Acta Méd. Costarric. 2022; 64(2). Available at: https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022022000200004&amp;lng=en</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fantin R., Gómez-Duarte I., Rojas-Araya K., Sáenz-Bonilla J.P., Barboza-Solis C. Identification of areas with geographical access difficulties to public health services in Costa Rica: A methodological proposal. Acta Méd. Costarric. 2022; 64(2). Available at: https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022022000200004&amp;lng=en</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armenti K., Sweeney M.H., Lingwall C., Yang L. Work: A social determinant of health worth capturing. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2023; 20(2): 1199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021199 https://elibrary.ru/bdjraf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armenti K., Sweeney M.H., Lingwall C., Yang L. Work: A social determinant of health worth capturing. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2023; 20(2): 1199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021199 https://elibrary.ru/bdjraf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aderounmu B., Azuh D., Onanuga O., Oluwatomisin O., Ebenezer B., Azuh A. Poverty drivers and Nigeria’s development: implications for policy intervention. Cogent Arts Humanit. 2021; 8(1): 1927495. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2021.1927495 https://elibrary.ru/tlvicm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aderounmu B., Azuh D., Onanuga O., Oluwatomisin O., Ebenezer B., Azuh A. Poverty drivers and Nigeria’s development: implications for policy intervention. Cogent Arts Humanit. 2021; 8(1): 1927495. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2021.1927495 https://elibrary.ru/tlvicm</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osabohien R., Matthew O., Ohalete P., Osabuohien E. Population-Poverty-inequality nexus and social protection in Africa. Soc. Indic. Res. 2020; 151(2): 575–98. https://doi.org/10.007/s11205-020-02381-0 https://elibrary.ru/pkrbds</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osabohien R., Matthew O., Ohalete P., Osabuohien E. Population-Poverty-inequality nexus and social protection in Africa. Soc. Indic. Res. 2020; 151(2): 575–98. https://doi.org/10.007/s11205-020-02381-0 https://elibrary.ru/pkrbds</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tarar H.M., Azhar A., Ismail K., Oduoye M.O., Asim O., Omer R. The influence of socio-demographic factors on parental health-seeking behaviour for illnesses among pediatric age group in Karachi: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci. Rep. 2024; 7(5): e2081. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.2081 https://elibrary.ru/nyrsas</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarar H.M., Azhar A., Ismail K., Oduoye M.O., Asim O., Omer R. The influence of socio-demographic factors on parental health-seeking behaviour for illnesses among pediatric age group in Karachi: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci. Rep. 2024; 7(5): e2081. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.2081 https://elibrary.ru/nyrsas</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mou T.J., Afroz K.A., Haq M.A., Jahan D., Ahmad R., Islam T., et al. The effects of socio-demographic factors in health seeking behaviours among Bangladeshi residents during the first wave of COVID-19. Healthcare (Basel). 2022; 10(3): 483. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030483</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mou T.J., Afroz K.A., Haq M.A., Jahan D., Ahmad R., Islam T., et al. The effects of socio-demographic factors in health seeking behaviours among Bangladeshi residents during the first wave of COVID-19. Healthcare (Basel). 2022; 10(3): 483. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030483</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nachinaab J.O., Adongo A.A., Jonathan D.M., Azumah F.D. The influence of socio-demographic behavioural variables on health-seeking behaviour and the utilization of public and private hospitals in Ghana. Int. J. Sociol. Soc. Policy. 2022; 42(5–6): 455–72. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-03-2021-0068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nachinaab J.O., Adongo A.A., Jonathan D.M., Azumah F.D. The influence of socio-demographic behavioural variables on health-seeking behaviour and the utilization of public and private hospitals in Ghana. Int. J. Sociol. Soc. Policy. 2022; 42(5–6): 455–72. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-03-2021-0068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oladosun M., Azuh D., Chinedu S.N., Azuh A.E., Ayodele E., Nwogu F. (2022). Determinants of perceived quality of healthcare among pregnant women in Ifo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Afr. J. Reprod. Health. 2021; 25(s5): 28–45. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2021/v25i5s.3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oladosun M., Azuh D., Chinedu S.N., Azuh A.E., Ayodele E., Nwogu F. (2022). Determinants of perceived quality of healthcare among pregnant women in Ifo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Afr. J. Reprod. Health. 2021; 25(s5): 28–45. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2021/v25i5s.3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ogbonna I.F., Achor C.F., Ezeogu J. Socio-demographic risk factors for mental health disorders among school children in Umuahia, South-East Nigeria. Int. J. Med. Health Dev. 2024; 29(3): 238–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogbonna I.F., Achor C.F., Ezeogu J. Socio-demographic risk factors for mental health disorders among school children in Umuahia, South-East Nigeria. Int. J. Med. Health Dev. 2024; 29(3): 238–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tayo O.G., Chukwuedozie O.N., Ozoya M.I. Violence against Young Women in Informal Cross-border Trading in Southwest Nigeria: Implications for Economic Development and Poverty Reduction. Int. J. Gender Dev. Issue. 2016; 2(4): 112–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tayo O.G., Chukwuedozie O.N., Ozoya M.I. Violence against Young Women in Informal Cross-border Trading in Southwest Nigeria: Implications for Economic Development and Poverty Reduction. Int. J. Gender Dev. Issue. 2016; 2(4): 112–20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amoo E.O., Adebayo M.E., Owoeye M.O., Egharevba M.E. To save a girl-child, you must train a boy-child: A note on situational irony. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022; 19(23): 16313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316313 https://elibrary.ru/wwyifu</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amoo E.O., Adebayo M.E., Owoeye M.O., Egharevba M.E. To save a girl-child, you must train a boy-child: A note on situational irony. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022; 19(23): 16313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316313 https://elibrary.ru/wwyifu</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Healthwise. Ojuroungbe S. Harvest of deaths: Ogun community where mothers, newborns die during childbirth; 2023. Available at: https://healthwise.punchng.com/harvest-of-deaths-ogun-community-where-mothers-newborns-die-during-childbirth/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Healthwise. Ojuroungbe S. Harvest of deaths: Ogun community where mothers, newborns die during childbirth; 2023. Available at: https://healthwise.punchng.com/harvest-of-deaths-ogun-community-where-mothers-newborns-die-during-childbirth/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aina A.N., Hakim L., Hayat A., Sujarwoto. The importance of health accessibility policies in border areas. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual International Conference on Business and Public Administration (AICoBPA 2022). Atlantis Press; 2023: 93–108. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-090-9_10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aina A.N., Hakim L., Hayat A., Sujarwoto. The importance of health accessibility policies in border areas. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual International Conference on Business and Public Administration (AICoBPA 2022). Atlantis Press; 2023: 93–108. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-090-9_10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woldemichael A., Takian A., Akbari Sari A., Olyaeemanesh A. Availability and inequality in accessibility of health centre-based primary healthcare in Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2019; 14(3): e0213896. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213896</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woldemichael A., Takian A., Akbari Sari A., Olyaeemanesh A. Availability and inequality in accessibility of health centre-based primary healthcare in Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2019; 14(3): e0213896. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213896</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foundation For Investigative Journalism. Owoyele T. Special report: In Igbokofi border community, pregnant women and infants are dying-and Ogun Gov’t is to blame; 2024. Available at: https://fij.ng/article/special-report-in-igbokofi-border-community-pregnant-women-and-infants-are-dying-and-ogun-govt-is-to-blame/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foundation For Investigative Journalism. Owoyele T. Special report: In Igbokofi border community, pregnant women and infants are dying-and Ogun Gov’t is to blame; 2024. Available at: https://fij.ng/article/special-report-in-igbokofi-border-community-pregnant-women-and-infants-are-dying-and-ogun-govt-is-to-blame/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu M., Fu Y., Liu W. An optimization method for equalizing the spatial accessibility of medical services in Guangzhou. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2023; 12(7): 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12070292 https://elibrary.ru/uigsvm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu M., Fu Y., Liu W. An optimization method for equalizing the spatial accessibility of medical services in Guangzhou. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2023; 12(7): 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12070292 https://elibrary.ru/uigsvm</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNICEF Nigeria. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene. Available at: https://unicef.org/nigeria/water-sanitation-and-hygiene</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UNICEF Nigeria. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene. Available at: https://unicef.org/nigeria/water-sanitation-and-hygiene</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Punch Nigeria. Ojuroungbe S. Dying by the dozens: Ogun communities’ perilous quest for clean water across Benin Republic’s borders; 2024. Available at: https://punchng.com/dying-by-the-dozens-ogun-communities-perilous-quest-for-clean-water-across-benin-republics-borders/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Punch Nigeria. Ojuroungbe S. Dying by the dozens: Ogun communities’ perilous quest for clean water across Benin Republic’s borders; 2024. Available at: https://punchng.com/dying-by-the-dozens-ogun-communities-perilous-quest-for-clean-water-across-benin-republics-borders/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Folorunsho J.O., Umar M.A. Assessment of inadequate domestic water supply on human health in selected neighbourhoods of Lokoja metropolis, Kogi State, Nigeria. FUDMA J. Sci. (FJS). 2023; 7(6): 49–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Folorunsho J.O., Umar M.A. Assessment of inadequate domestic water supply on human health in selected neighbourhoods of Lokoja metropolis, Kogi State, Nigeria. FUDMA J. Sci. (FJS). 2023; 7(6): 49–56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akinyemi P.A., Afolabi O.T., Aluko O.O. The effects of seasonal variations on household water security and burden of diarrheal diseases among under 5 children in an urban community, Southwest Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2022; 22(1): 1354. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13701-z https://elibrary.ru/orgmwx</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akinyemi P.A., Afolabi O.T., Aluko O.O. The effects of seasonal variations on household water security and burden of diarrheal diseases among under 5 children in an urban community, Southwest Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2022; 22(1): 1354. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13701-z https://elibrary.ru/orgmwx</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azuh D.E., Osabohien R., Orbih M., Godwin A. Public health expenditure and under-five mortality in Nigeria: An overview for policy intervention. Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci. 2020; 8(E): 353–62. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4327 https://elibrary.ru/wtblev</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azuh D.E., Osabohien R., Orbih M., Godwin A. Public health expenditure and under-five mortality in Nigeria: An overview for policy intervention. Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci. 2020; 8(E): 353–62. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4327 https://elibrary.ru/wtblev</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
