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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-6-623-631</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">jkvitj</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5750</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные подходы к гигиенической характеристике шума на рабочих местах (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern approaches to the hygienic characteristics of noise at the workplace (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8317-2718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бухтияров</surname><given-names>Игорь Валентинович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukhtiyarov</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор ФГБНУ «НИИ МТ», 105275, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: bukhtiyarov@irioh.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, director, Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: bukhtiyarov@irioh.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bukhtiyarov@irioh.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-563X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатхутдинова</surname><given-names>Лилия Минвагизовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fatkhutdinova</surname><given-names>Liliya M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. каф. гигиены, медицины труда ФГБОУ ВО Казанский ГМУ Минздрава России, 420012, Казань, Россия</p><p>e-mail: liliya.fatkhutdinova@kazangmu.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, head, Department of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, 420012, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: liliya.fatkhutdinova@kazangmu.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liliya.fatkhutdinova@kazangmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5731-3972</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амиров</surname><given-names>Наиль Хабибуллович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amirov</surname><given-names>Nail Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, профессор каф. гигиены, медицины труда ФГБОУ ВО Казанский ГМУ Минздрава России, 420012, Казань, Россия</p><p>e-mail: nail.amirov@kazangmu.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, professor, Department Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, 420012, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: nail.amirov@kazangmu.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nail.amirov@kazangmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова»; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>623</fpage><lpage>631</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бухтияров И.В., Фатхутдинова Л.М., Амиров Н.Х., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бухтияров И.В., Фатхутдинова Л.М., Амиров Н.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bukhtiyarov I.V., Fatkhutdinova L.M., Amirov N.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5750">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5750</self-uri><abstract><p>Высокая медико-социальная значимость шума делает актуальной разработку мер по оценке и управлению профессиональными рисками для здоровья, в том числе гигиеническую оценку экспозиции и нормирование уровней воздействия на рабочих местах.</p><p>Представлена сравнительная характеристика современных подходов, принятых в Российской Федерации и предлагаемых международными и национальными организациями (Международная организация труда и др.), к обоснованию гигиенических критериев и нормативов экспозиции шума, методам оценки профессиональных рисков, гигиеническим критериям связи болезни с профессией.</p><p>Установлена высокая степень гармонизации критериев, используемых для гигиенической характеристики экспозиции шумом. Предельно допустимый уровень для эквивалентного уровня звука за восьмичасовую смену, установленный в Российской Федерации, является одним из самых низких в мире. Это способствует раннему внедрению профилактических программ, а также инженерных и организационных мероприятий по снижению рисков профессиональной потери слуха. Априорная оценка профессионального риска – важный инструмент прогнозирования вероятности потери слуха, но модели должны верифицироваться на основе современных эпидемиологических данных, предоставляющих апостериорные вероятности и оценки рисков. Критерии установления связи болезни с профессией, принятые в Российской Федерации, более строгие: в них входят превышение ПДУ шума и наличие профессионального стажа более 10 лет.</p><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Несмотря на различия в нормативах, методология оценки производственного шума базируется на общих принципах. С появлением новых данных возникла необходимость пересмотра перечня показателей: учёта временной структуры шума, параметра эквивалентности воздействия, уровней действий, уточнение моделей оценки априорного риска. Эффективная система гигиенической оценки шума – ключевой инструмент управления профессиональными рисками.</p></sec><sec><title>Вклад авторов</title><p>Вклад авторов: Бухтияров И.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Фатхутдинова Л.М. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста; Амиров Н.Х. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 19.02.2026 / Поступила после доработки: 20.04.2026 / Принята к печати: 18.06.2026 / Опубликована: 31.07.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The high medical and social significance of noise makes it relevant to develop measures for health risk management, including hygienic assessment of exposure, regulation of exposure levels at the workplace, and occupational risk assessment. There has been conducted a comparative analysis of modern approaches adopted in the Russian Federation and those proposed by international and national organizations, including the ILO, regarding hygienic criteria and standards for noise exposure, methods of occupational risk assessment, and hygienic criteria for establishing the relationship between disease and occupation. A high degree of harmonization has been established regarding the criteria used for the occupational noise exposure assessment. The exposure limit value for the 8-hour time-weighted average sound level established in the Russian Federation is among the lowest in the world, which is a factor contributing to the early implementation of hearing conservation programs, as well as engineering and managerial measures, and to the reduction of risks of occupational hearing loss. A priori occupational risk assessment based on noise levels is an important tool for predicting the likelihood of hearing loss, but models must be verified using modern epidemiological data that provide a posteriori probabilities and risk estimates. The criteria for establishing the relationship between disease and occupation adopted in the Russian Federation are more stringent and include the requirement of exceeding the exposure limit value for noise, as well as a longer work tenure of more than 10 years.</p><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Despite differences in regulations, occupational noise assessment is based on common principles. With the emergence of new data, there is a need to revise the list of parameters, considering the temporal structure of noise, exchange rates, action levels, and refining a priori risk assessment models. An effective system for exposure assessment is a key tool for managing occupational risks.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Bukhtiyarov I.V. – the concept and design of the study, writing text; Fatkhudinova L.M. – the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing text; Amiron N.Kh. – the concept and design of the study, writing text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: February 19, 2026 / Revised: April 20, 2026 / Accepted: June 18, 2026 / Published: July 31, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>производственный шум</kwd><kwd>нормирование</kwd><kwd>профессиональный риск</kwd><kwd>Международная организация труда</kwd><kwd>международные подходы</kwd><kwd>Российская Федерация</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>occupational noise</kwd><kwd>regulation</kwd><kwd>occupational risk</kwd><kwd>ILO</kwd><kwd>international approaches</kwd><kwd>Russian Federation</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teixeira L.R., Pega F., de Abreu W., de Almeida M.S., de Andrade C.A.F., Azevedo T.M., et al. 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