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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-6-690-695</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">sbkose</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5759</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОЦЕНКА РИСКОВ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка видоспецифичных праймеров и зондов in silico для выявления пародонтопатогенов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of species-specific primers and probes in silico for the detection of periodontal pathogens</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-9453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казимов</surname><given-names>Александр Эркинович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazimov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. отделением патологии головы и шеи ФГБУ ФНКЦ ФМБА России, 115682, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: mr.kazimov@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head, Department of head and neck pathology, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 115682, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: mr.kazimov@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mr.kazimov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1180-0690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Высочанская</surname><given-names>Соня Олеговна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vysochanskaya</surname><given-names>Sonya O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборант лаб. разработки новых методов молекулярной диагностики заболеваний человека Центра постгеномных технологий ФГБУ ЦСП ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: SVysochanskaia@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory assistant, Laboratory for the development of new methods for molecular diagnostics of human diseases, Center for Postgenomic Technologies, Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: SVysochanskaia@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">SVysochanskaia@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4201-4762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Дарья Андреевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент, Институт клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского (ИКМ) Первого Московского государственного медицинского университета им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовского Университета), 119435, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: PetrovaB2B@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119048, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: PetrovaB2B@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">PetrovaB2B@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1558-8369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малиновская</surname><given-names>Анастасия Денисовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malinovskaya</surname><given-names>Anastasia D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент, Институт клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского (ИКМ) Первого Московского государственного медицинского университета им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовского Университета), 119435, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: malinovskaya@gymnasia23.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119048, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: malinovskaya@gymnasia23.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malinovskaya@gymnasia23.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8734-5527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жернов</surname><given-names>Юрий Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhernov</surname><given-names>Yury V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор РАН, директор НИИ ЭЧиГОС им. А.Н. Сысина, ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: YZhernov@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, director, A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: YZhernov@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">YZhernov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства»; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды имени А.Н. Сысина, ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene, Center for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); Научно-исследовательский институт экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды имени А.Н. Сысина, ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene, Center for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>690</fpage><lpage>695</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Казимов А.Э., Высочанская С.О., Петрова Д.А., Малиновская А.Д., Жернов Ю.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Казимов А.Э., Высочанская С.О., Петрова Д.А., Малиновская А.Д., Жернов Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kazimov A.E., Vysochanskaya S.O., Petrova D.A., Malinovskaya A.D., Zhernov Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5759">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5759</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В последние десятилетия профилактика инфекций, ассоциированных с развитием рака, смещается в сторону адресных систем контроля, основанных на количественной гигиенической донозологической оценке риска. Особое значение приобретает риск-ориентированный подход к мониторингу микробиоты полости рта, поскольку хронический дисбиоз и воспаление, вызываемые пародонтопатогенами, вносят вклад в канцерогенез слизистой оболочки полости рта.</p><p>Цель работы – осуществить in silico подбор видоспецифичных праймеров и зондов для мультиплексной ПЦР в реальном времени, которые после последующей клинической валидации могут быть использованы для количественной гигиенической донозологической оценки риска развития рака слизистой оболочки полости рта и других воспалительных процессов у здоровых людей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе использованы полные геномные последовательности Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia и Prevotella intermedia из базы данных NCBI RefSeq. Консервативные участки генома идентифицированы с помощью Mauve v2.4.0, сравнительный анализ с родственными таксонами проведён с использованием BLASTn. Подбор видоспецифичных праймеров и зондов осуществлён в Geneious Prime® 2020.2.5 с учётом оптимальных параметров для ПЦР в реальном времени. Специфичность праймеров проверена in silico с помощью NCBI Primer-BLAST.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработаны наборы праймеров и зондов для детекции четырёх ключевых пародонтопатогенов, включая два независимых набора для P. gingivalis (rgpA и 16S рРНК), а также праймеры для P. intermedia, T. forsythia и T. denticola. Использование флуоресцентных меток (FAM, JOE, ROX, Cy5) позволяет реализовать четырёхплексную ПЦР для одновременной количественной оценки бактериальной нагрузки. Включение локуса rgpA обеспечивает углублённую донозологическую оценку патогенного потенциала микробиоты.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование ограничено анализом in silico специфичности праймеров. Работа представляет собой этап подбора и теоретического обоснования праймеров и зондов, предназначенных для создания тест-системы. Требуется дальнейшая клиническая валидация на образцах пациентов для подтверждения чувствительности и специфичности в реальных условиях, а также для установления корреляции между выявленными уровнями пародонтопатогенов и риском развития злокачественных новообразований слизистой оболочки полости рта.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Подобранная мультиплексная ПЦР-панель после обязательной клинической валидации может стать основой для ранней диагностики, мониторинга и гигиенической донозологической оценки риска развития рака слизистой оболочки полости рта. Внедрение риск-ориентированного подхода и количественной ПЦР-диагностики позволит реализовать персонализированные стратегии профилактики и контроля болезней полости рта.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Для данного исследования не требовалось заключение комитета по биомедицинской этике.</p></sec><sec><title>Вклад авторов</title><p>Вклад авторов: Казимов А.Э. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста; Высочанская С.О. – сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста; Петрова Д.А. – сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста; Малиновская А.Д. – сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста; Жернов Ю.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 30.03.2026 / Поступила после доработки: 21.05.2026 / Принята к печати: 18.06.2026 / Опубликована: 31.07.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In recent decades, the prevention of infections associated with cancer development has shifted toward targeted control systems based on quantitative hygienic prenosological risk assessment. A risk-oriented approach to oral microbiota monitoring is of particular importance, since chronic dysbiosis and inflammation caused by periodontal pathogens contribute to the carcinogenesis of the oral mucosa.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To perform in silico selection of species-specific primers and probes for multiplex real-time PCR that, after subsequent clinical validation, could be used for quantitative hygienic prenosological risk assessment of oral mucosal cancer and other inflammatory diseases in healthy persons.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. Complete genome sequences of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia were retrieved from the NCBI RefSeq database. Conserved genomic regions were identified using Mauve v2.4.0, and comparative analysis with related taxa was performed using BLASTn. Species-specific primers and probes were designed in Geneious Prime® 2020.2.5 considering optimal parameters for real-time PCR. Primer specificity was assessed in silico using NCBI Primer-BLAST.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Primer and probe sets were developed for the detection of four key periodontal pathogens, including two independent sets for P. gingivalis (rgpA and 16S rRNA), as well as primers for P. intermedia, T. forsythia, and T. denticola. The use of fluorescent labels (FAM, JOE, ROX, Cy5) enables four-plex PCR for simultaneous quantitative assessment of bacterial load. Inclusion of the rgpA locus provides an in-depth prenosological evaluation of the pathogenic potential of the microbiota.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study is limited to in silico analysis of primer specificity. This work represents a stage of selection and theoretical justification of primers and probes intended for the creation of a test system. Further clinical validation on patient samples is required to confirm sensitivity and specificity under real-world conditions, as well as establish a correlation between the detected levels of periodontal pathogens and the risk of developing malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The selected multiplex PCR panel, after mandatory clinical validation, may become a basis for early diagnosis, monitoring, and hygienic prenosological risk assessment of oral mucosal cancer. Implementation of a risk-oriented approach and quantitative PCR diagnostics will enable personalized strategies for the prevention and control of oral diseases.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. This study did not require approval from a biomedical ethics committee.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions: Kazimov A.E. – concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing text; Vysochanskaya S.O. – collection and processing of material, writing text; Petrova D.A. – collection and processing of material, writing text, text editing; Malinovskaya A.D. – collection and processing of material, writing text; Zhernov Yu.V. – concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March 30, 2026 / Revised: May 25, 2026 / Accepted: June 18, 2026 / Published: July 31, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пародонтопатогены</kwd><kwd>микробиота полости рта</kwd><kwd>мультиплексная ПЦР</kwd><kwd>гигиеническая донозологическая диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>periodontopathogens</kwd><kwd>oral microbiota</kwd><kwd>multiplex PCR</kwd><kwd>hygienic prenosological diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irfan M., Delgado R.Z.R., Frias-Lopez J. The oral microbiome and cancer. Front. Immunol. 2020; 11: 591088. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.591088 https://elibrary.ru/tuvryr</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irfan M., Delgado R.Z.R., Frias-Lopez J. The oral microbiome and cancer. Front. 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