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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-7-779-785</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">pylfnx</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5785</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Митохондриальный профиль нейронов обонятельных луковиц крыс после хронической ингаляционной экспозиции наночастицами оксида свинца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mitochondrial profile of olfactory bulb neurons in rats following chronic inhalation exposure to lead oxide nanoparticles</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-8777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеломенцев</surname><given-names>Иван Глебович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelomentsev</surname><given-names>Ivan G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отд. молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: shelomencev@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of molecular biology and electron microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: shelomencev@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shelomencev@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3004-8791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горшколепова</surname><given-names>Анна Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorshkolepova</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: GorshkolepovaAV@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Department of molecular biology and electron microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: GorshkolepovaAV@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">GorshkolepovaAV@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0711-3079</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муравцева</surname><given-names>Арина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muravtseva</surname><given-names>Arina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборант-исследователь отд. молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: muravtsevaaa@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research assistant, Department of molecular biology and electron microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: muravtsevaaa@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">muravtsevaaa@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутункова</surname><given-names>Марина Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutunkova</surname><given-names>Marina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, директор ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: sutunkova@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), director, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation;Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, 620028, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: sutunkova@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sutunkova@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-7845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>Ильзира Амировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>Ilzira A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, зав. отд. токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ilzira@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), head, Department of toxicology and bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation; Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ilzira@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilzira@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers; Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора; ФГАОУ ВО «Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers; Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>779</fpage><lpage>785</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шеломенцев И.Г., Горшколепова А.В., Муравцева А.А., Сутункова М.П., Минигалиева И.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шеломенцев И.Г., Горшколепова А.В., Муравцева А.А., Сутункова М.П., Минигалиева И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shelomentsev I.G., Gorshkolepova A.V., Muravtseva A.A., Sutunkova M.P., Minigalieva I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5785">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5785</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Свинец в форме наночастиц обладает повышенной токсичностью и вызывает серьёзные повреждения на клеточном уровне. Оседая на обонятельном эпителии в дыхательных путях, наночастицы свинца захватываются обонятельными рецепторами и проходят через синапс в обонятельные луковицы. Это может приводить к накоплению активных форм кислорода и перекисному окислению липидов в мембранах митохондрий, тем самым вызывая изменения их морфологии и функционального состояния и индуцируя впоследствии апоптоз клеток.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучить влияние наночастиц оксида свинца на митохондриальный профиль обонятельных луковиц крыс при хроническом ингаляционном воздействии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Белых самок половозрелых крыс линии Wistar разделили на четыре группы по десять особей в каждой. В опытных группах НЧ PbO подавались в экспозиционную башню для ингаляции в установке по типу «только нос», где животные подвергались хроническому воздействию НЧ PbO в концентрации 0,215 мг/м³ четыре часа в день пять раз в неделю в течение четырёх и восьми месяцев. После завершения экспозиционного периода для электронно-микроскопического анализа отбирали образцы обонятельных луковиц. Митохондриальный профиль нейронов головного мозга крыс оценивали по степени повреждения внутренней мембраны.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлены возрастные изменения митохондрий нейронов, характерные для физиологического старения. Воздействие наночастиц PbO не приводит к достоверным изменениям митохондриального матрикса при четырёхмесячной ингаляционной экспозиции. При восьмимесячной ингаляционной экспозиции наблюдалось значимое повышение индекса состояния митохондриального матрикса.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Данное исследование не учитывает количественные показатели митохондриальной популяции нейронов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показано, что при хроническом воздействии наночастиц свинца в течение восьми месяцев заметно изменяется соотношение нормальных и набухших форм митохондрий, что может говорить о происходящих компенсаторных механизмах. Наблюдаемые изменения могут быть обусловлены накоплением НЧ PbO и сдвигом их распределения в обонятельных структурах, поэтому при оценке нейротоксичности наночастиц свинца важно учитывать временной фактор.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора (протокол № 4 от 12.07.2022 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Вклад авторов</title><p>Вклад авторов: Шеломенцев И.Г. – концепция и дизайн исследования, научное редактирование текста; Горшколепова А.В. – сбор и обработка материала, написание текста; Муравцева А.А. – сбор и обработка материала, написание текста; Сутункова М.П. – концепция и дизайн исследования; Минигалиева И.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 13.04.2026 / Принята к печати: 01.07.2026 / Опубликована: 14.08.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Lead nanoparticles are highly toxic and cause severe cell damage. When deposited on the olfactory epithelium in the respiratory tract, lead nanoparticles are captured by olfactory receptors and pass through the synapse into the olfactory bulbs. This can lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in mitochondrial membranes, thereby causing changes in their morphology and functioning, and subsequently inducing cell apoptosis. </p></sec><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. To investigate the effect of lead oxide nanoparticles on the mitochondrial profile of the rat olfactory bulbs following chronic inhalation exposure. </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. Adult female albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups of ten animals each. The experimental animals were chronically exposed to PbO NPs at a concentration of 0.215 mg/m³ for four hours a day, five days a week during four and eight months in a nose-only inhalation toxicity test chamber. After exposure cessation, olfactory bulb samples were collected for electron microscopy. The mitochondrial profile of rat brain neurons was assessed by the degree of damage to the inner membrane.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We observed changes in neuronal mitochondria characteristic of physiological aging. Four-month inhalation exposure to PbO nanoparticles did not lead to significant changes in the mitochondrial matrix while a statistical increase in the mitochondrial health index was observed after 8 months.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. This study does not include quantitative measurements of the mitochondrial population of neurons.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Chronic 8-month exposure to lead nanoparticles significantly alters the ratio of normal to swollen forms of mitochondria, which may indicate to compensatory mechanisms. The observed changes may be attributed to accumulation of PbO NPs and a shift in their distribution in the olfactory structures, thus highlighting the importance of considering the time factor when assessing the neurotoxicity of lead nanoparticles.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. Ethics approval was provided by the Local Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (protocol No. 4 of July 12, 2022).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Shelomentsev I.G. – study conception and design, scientific editing; Gorshkolepova A.V. – data collection and processing, draft manuscript preparation; Muravtseva A.A. – data collection and processing, draft manuscript preparation; Sutunkova M.P. – study conception and design; Minigalieva I.A. – study conception and design. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of its final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: April 13, 2026 / Accepted: July 1, 2026 / Published: August 14, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наночастицы</kwd><kwd>свинец</kwd><kwd>обонятельные луковицы</kwd><kwd>митохондрии</kwd><kwd>хроническое воздействие</kwd><kwd>нейроны</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>lead</kwd><kwd>olfactory bulbs</kwd><kwd>mitochondria</kwd><kwd>chronic exposure</kwd><kwd>neurons</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xuan L., Ju Z., Skonieczna M., Zhou P.K., Huang R. Nanoparticles-induced potential toxicity on human health: Applications, toxicity mechanisms, and evaluation models. 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