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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-7-786-792</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">tlvvie</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5786</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физико-химические свойства наночастиц оксида вольфрама (VI) как детерминанты их токсичности и гигиенической опасности для здоровья человека (аналитический обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Physico-chemical properties of tungsten (VI) oxide nanoparticles as determinants of toxicity and hygienic hazard for the health of the population and workers (analytical literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-9613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Землянова</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemlyanova</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. отд. биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», 614045, Пермь, Россия; ФГАОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет», 614068, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, head, Biochemical and cytogenetic diagnostic techniques department, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation; Perm State National Research University, Perm, 614068, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zem@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-7682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанков</surname><given-names>Марк Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepankov</surname><given-names>Mark S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. лаб. биохимической и наносенсорной диагностики отд. биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: stepankov@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Laboratory of biochemical and nanosensor diagnostics, Department of biochemical and cytogenetic diagnostic methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: stepankov@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stepankov@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»; ФГАОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Perm State National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>786</fpage><lpage>792</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Землянова М.А., Степанков М.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Землянова М.А., Степанков М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zemlyanova M.A., Stepankov M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5786">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5786</self-uri><abstract><p>Уникальные физико-химические свойства наночастиц оксида вольфрама (VI) (НЧ WO3) обусловливают их широкое внедрение в различные технологии и отрасли промышленности. Доказано, что именно эти характеристики модифицируют проникающую способность и токсичность наноматериалов относительно их микроразмерных аналогов. Поэтому актуальна разработка соответствующих мер профилактики рисков для здоровья населения и работников при производстве и потреблении продукции, содержащей НЧ WO3, что требует систематизации знаний о механизмах токсических процессов, инициируемых НЧ оксида вольфрама при их поступлении в организм.</p><p>В настоящем обзоре отражены ключевые направления формирования и реализации цитотоксического потенциала НЧ WO3 на клеточно-молекулярном и органно-тканевом уровнях. Предметом обзора стали результаты оригинальных исследований и данные, представленные в паспортах безопасности за последние 20 лет (59 из первоначально отобранных 185 публикаций баз данных eLIBRARY.ru, PubMed, Google Scholar).</p><p>Систематизация данных подтвердила, что токсический потенциал НЧ WO3 детерминирован их ультрадисперсностью, развитой удельной поверхностью, низкой растворимостью, гидрофобностью и высоким поверхностным зарядом, препятствующим агломерации. Установлено, что данные свойства обеспечивают высокую проникающую способность НЧ через клеточные мембраны, инициацию продукции свободных радикалов и прямое повреждение макромолекул. Опосредованное через нарушение экспрессии генов и белков повреждение клеточных структур приводит к их гибели по механизму апоптоза или некроза. Доказано, что развитие молекулярно-клеточных эффектов трансформируется в системные морфофункциональные нарушения: дистрофические и некротические изменения в печени, а также выраженный воспалительный процесс в тканях лёгких.</p><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Систематизация данных выявила дефицит сравнительных исследований токсичности НЧ WO3 in vivo и отсутствие изолированных эпидемиологических данных. Самостоятельные гигиенические нормативы для наноразмерной формы WO3 в Российской Федерации и других странах не установлены. Полученные результаты служат научно обоснованным фундаментом для разработки гигиенических регламентов и адресных мер профилактики, направленных на минимизацию рисков для здоровья работников и населения при производстве и потреблении продукции, содержащей НЧ оксида вольфрама.</p></sec><sec><title>Вклад авторов</title><p>Вклад авторов: Землянова М.А. – постановка задачи, дизайн исследования, написание текста; Степанков М.С. – сбор и анализ литературных данных, написание текста. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено за счёт федерального бюджета.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 28.04.2026 / Поступила после доработки: 28.05.2026 / Принята к печати: 01.07.2026 / Опубликована: 14.08.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The unique physicochemical properties of tungsten (VI) oxide nanoparticles (WO3 NPs) determine their widespread use in human economic activities. It has been proven that these characteristics modify the penetration ability and toxicity of nanomaterials relative to their micro-sized analogues. This fact determines the relevance of developing measures to prevent risks to the health of the population and workers during the production and consumption of products, which requires systematization of knowledge about the mechanisms of toxic processes initiated by WO3 NPs at various levels of the management of living things when they enter the body.</p><p>This review reflects the key physicochemical properties of WO3 NPs that determine the toxicity of nanomaterials and their connection with adverse effects at the cellular-molecular and organ-tissue levels. The subject of the review was the results of original studies and data presented in safety data sheets over the past 20 years (59 of the initially selected 185 publications in the eLIBRARY.ru, PubMed, Google Scholar databases).</p><p>Systematization of data confirm the toxic WO3 NPs potential to be determined by their small size, developed specific surface area, low solubility, hydrophobicity and high surface charge, which prevents agglomeration. These properties were established to ensure high NPs penetration through cell membranes, initiation of the production of free radicals and direct damage to macromolecules. Damage to cellular structures, mediated through disruption of gene and protein expression, leads to their death (apoptosis/necrosis). The development of molecular cellular effects has been proven to be transformed into systemic morphofunctional disorders: dystrophic and necrotic changes in the liver, as well as a pronounced inflammatory process in the lung tissues.</p><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Systematization of data revealed a lack of comparative studies of the toxicity of WO3 NPs and their micro-sized analogues under various routes and modes of exposure “in vivo”. Determining the critical determinants of toxicity and clarifying the pathogenetic mechanisms of action of tungsten oxide nanoparticles are a necessary condition for assessing the actual exposure load. The results obtained serve as the foundation for the development of scientifically based hygiene regulations and targeted preventive measures aimed at minimizing risks to the health in workers and the population during the production and consumption of products.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions: Zemlyanova M.A. – setting the problem, study design, writing of the text; Stepankov M.S. – collection and analysis of literature data, writing of the text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: April 28, 2026 / Revised: May 28, 2026 / Accepted: July 1, 2026 / Published: August 14, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наночастицы</kwd><kwd>оксид вольфрама</kwd><kwd>физико-химические свойства</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>гигиеническая опасность для здоровья</kwd><kwd>население</kwd><kwd>работники</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>tungsten oxide</kwd><kwd>physicochemical properties</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>hygienic health hazard</kwd><kwd>population</kwd><kwd>workers</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adekoya J.A., Ogunniran K.O., Siyanbola T.O., Dare E.O., Revaprasadu N. Band structure, morphology, functionality, and size-dependent properties of metal nanoparticles. 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