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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2018-97-6-509-513</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-579</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение генотоксичности технических продуктов пестицида — производного бензоилциклогексан-1,3-диона</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Studies of the genotoxicity of technical products of the benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione derivative pesticide</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-9465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюшина</surname><given-names>Наталия Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyushina</surname><given-names>Nataliya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, зав. отд. генетической токсикологии Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора.</p><p>e-mail: Ilyushina-na@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of Genetic Toxicology Department of the Institution of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 141014, Mytischi, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: Ilyushina-na@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ilyushina-na@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-8771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1539-1633</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масальцев</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Masaltsev</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2973-8776</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверьянова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averianova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>F.F. Erisman Federal Scientifc Center of Hygiene of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>97</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>509</fpage><lpage>513</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Илюшина Н.А., Егорова О.В., Масальцев Г.В., Аверьянова Н.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Илюшина Н.А., Егорова О.В., Масальцев Г.В., Аверьянова Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ilyushina N.A., Egorova O.V., Masaltsev G.V., Averianova N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/579">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/579</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В настоящее время в Российскую Федерацию поступает большой объём пестицидов-аналогов, которые производят после окончания срока патентной защиты оригинального действующего вещества. Для подтверждения их безопасности необходимо проведение токсиколого-гигиенической оценки, основанной на данных целого ряда испытаний, в том числе исследований мутагенности (генотоксичности).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено изучение генотоксической активности трёх произведённых на разных заводах технических продуктов действующего вещества пестицида, являющегося производным бензоилциклогексан-1,3-диона. Исследования осуществляли с использованием метода оценки обратных генных мутаций у бактерий (теста Эймса) и микроядерного теста in vivo на эритроцитах костного мозга мышей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В тесте Эймса выявлены статистически значимые и зависимые от дозы генотоксические эффекты трёх исследуемых образцов на штаммах бактерий Salmonella typhimurium TA97, ТА102, ТА100. При этом кратность увеличения числа ревертантов во всех случаях, за исключением штамма TA97, была меньше двух. Слабые, но биологически значимые эффекты обнаружены на культуре TA97 (кратность превышения уровня ревертантов ≥ 2 относительно отрицательного контроля). В микроядерном тесте статистически значимое повышение частоты полихроматофильных эритроцитов с микроядрами вызвали только два из трёх образцов. Один из образцов индуцировал значимый генотоксический эффект только при высокой дозе (2000 мг/кг м. т.), а другой (с наименьшим содержанием действующего вещества) — при всех уровнях доз. В обоих случаях выявлена линейная зависимость эффектов от дозы. При этом цитогенетические эффекты были низкими, на уровне верхней границы исторического отрицательного контроля в лаборатории.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что способность исследованных технических продуктов производного бензоилциклогексан-1,3-диона индуцировать генные и хромосомные нарушения возрастает с уменьшением концентрации действующего вещества в технических продуктах, что может быть обусловлено увеличением доли примесей, обладающих мутагенной активностью. Таким образом, технические продукты пестицидов-аналогов не всегда эквивалентны оригинальным действующим веществам по своей биологической активности, что подтверждает необходимость проведения токсиколого-гигиенических испытаний, и, в частности, оценки генотоксичности всех пестицидов-дженериков, поступающих на рынок.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Currently, a large number of pesticide analogues manufactured past the expiration date of the patent protection of the original active ingredients are imported in the Russian Federation. The toxicological-hygienic examinations based on numerous trials, including mutagenicity (genotoxicity) studies, is necessary to confirm their safety.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study of the genotoxic activity of three technical products of the pesticide active ingredient, a benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione derivative, produced in the various factories was carried out.</p><p>Research was performed using the bacterial reverse mutation method (Ames test) and the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Statistically significant and dose-dependent genotoxic effects of the test samples were observed in the strains of Salmonella typhimurium of TA 97, TA 102, TA 100. However, the increase in the number of revertants in the experiment versus the negative control was less than two in all cases, with the exception of strain TA 97. Weak but biologically significant outcomes were found in TA 97 culture (the increase in the number of revertants in comparison to spontaneous level was ≥ 2. In the micronucleus test only two of the three samples produced a statistically significant increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatophilic erythrocytes. One of the samples induced the significant genotoxic effect only at the high dose (2000 mg/kg b.w.), and another one (with the lowest active substance content) at all dose levels. In both cases, a linear dose-effect dependence was found. The cytogenetic effects were low, at the level of the upper limit of the laboratory's historical negative control.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The obtained data indicate that the ability of the tested technical products of the benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione derivative to induce the gene and chromosomal damages increases with decreasing concentration of the active ingredient in technical products, probably due to the enhancement of the genotoxic impurity level. Thus, the technical products of analogue pesticides are not always equivalent to the original active substances in terms of their biological activity. That confirms the necessity for toxicological-hygienic testing, in particular genotoxicity assessments of all generic pesticides entering the market.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пестициды</kwd><kwd>генотоксичность</kwd><kwd>обратные генные мутации</kwd><kwd>микроядра</kwd><kwd>примеси</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pesticides</kwd><kwd>genotoxicity</kwd><kwd>reverse gene mutations</kwd><kwd>micronuclei</kwd><kwd>impurities</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бирюкова Т. Что думают о дженериках в Европе. Новый аграрный журнал. 2011; 2(2). http://www.newagro.info/articles/002-chto-dumayut-o-dzhenerikax-v-evrope</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biryukova T. What do they think about generics in Europe. 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