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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-8-918-925</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">smnwbq</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5847</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETIC TOXICOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ цито- и генотоксичности водных экстрактов торфяного дыма in vitro</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of cyto- and genotoxicity of aqueous extracts of peat smoke in vitro</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9406-5424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамова</surname><given-names>Вера Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramova</surname><given-names>Vera A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. фарм. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: tyutrina.v.a@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Pharmacy), senior researcher, Laboratory of biomodelling and translational medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: tyutrina.v.a@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tyutrina.v.a@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3948-4136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васюхина</surname><given-names>Полина Олеговна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasyuhina</surname><given-names>Polina O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: vasyuhina.polina@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Laboratory of biomodelling and translation medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: vasyuhina.polina@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasyuhina.polina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-5304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеенко</surname><given-names>Антон Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseenko</surname><given-names>Anton N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. хим. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. аналитической экотоксикологии и биомониторинга ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: alexeenko85@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Chemistry), senior researcher, Laboratory of analytical toxicology and biomonitoring, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: alexeenko85@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexeenko85@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8165-8052</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вокина</surname><given-names>Вера Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vokina</surname><given-names>Vera A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: vokina.vera@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), senior researcher, Laboratory of biomodelling and translational medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: vokina.vera@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vokina.vera@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-4601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соседова</surname><given-names>Лариса Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosedova</surname><given-names>Larisa M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: sosedlar@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor., head, Laboratory of biomodelling and translational medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: sosedlar@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sosedlar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>918</fpage><lpage>925</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абрамова В.А., Васюхина П.О., Алексеенко А.Н., Вокина В.А., Соседова Л.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абрамова В.А., Васюхина П.О., Алексеенко А.Н., Вокина В.А., Соседова Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abramova V.A., Vasyuhina P.O., Alekseenko A.N., Vokina V.A., Sosedova L.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5847">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5847</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Дым природных пожаров (ПП) представляет собой сложную смесь твёрдых частиц (ТЧ) и токсичных газов, и вклад каждой фракции в общую токсичность изучен недостаточно. Особый интерес представляет торфяной дым специфического химического состава, выделяющийся при длительном тлении.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Экстракты торфяного дыма (ЭТД) получали путём барботирования дыма через культуральную среду DMEM с последующим разделением на нефильтрованный (НФ-ЭТД), содержащий ТЧ и растворимые газовые компоненты, и фильтрованный (Ф-ЭТД), содержащий только водорастворимые газы. Полученные экстракты в разведениях 1 : 3, 1 : 1, 3 : 1 и без разведения использовали для экспозиции культуры фибробластов мыши 3T3-SV40. Цитотоксичность оценивали с помощью метода исключения красителя, метаболическую активность клеток – МТТ-тестом, фрагментацию и полногеномное метилирование ДНК – методом ДНК-комет. Качественный состав летучих соединений в НФ-ЭТД определяли методом газовой хромато-масс-спектрометрии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Статистически значимых различий в жизнеспособности клеток, фрагментации и полногеномном метилировании ДНК между опытными группами и контролем не выявлено, однако отмечена тенденция к дозозависимому снижению жизнеспособности и метаболической активности под действием НФ-ЭТД, отсутствующая для Ф-ЭТД. Уровень полногеномного метилирования ДНК при воздействии НФ-ЭТД был в 1,6 раза выше, чем при воздействии Ф-ЭТД. В химическом составе НФ-ЭТД идентифицированы летучие альдегиды C1–C4, преимущественно ацетальдегид и формальдегид. Иные летучие органические соединения не обнаружены.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование ограничено применением однократной 24-часовой экспозиции Ф-ЭТД и НФ-ЭТД на 3T3-SV40 с проведением качественного химического анализа компонентов дыма, исследованием его цитотоксичности, генотоксичности, способности вносить эпигенетические изменения и влиять на метаболическую активность клеток.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Несмотря на отсутствие статистически значимых различий, выявленные тенденции указывают на возможный вклад ТЧ в цитотоксичность и эпигенетические эффекты торфяного дыма, что требует дальнейшего изучения, в том числе хронических экспозиций и количественного химического анализа.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ (протокол № 7 от 15.12.2023 г.), проведено в соответствии с Европейской конвенцией о защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментов или в иных научных целях (ETS N 123), директивой Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского союза 2010/63/EC от 22.09.2010 г. о защите животных, использующихся для научных целей.</p></sec><sec><title>Вклад авторов</title><p>Вклад авторов: Абрамова В.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных, статистическая обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование; Васюхина П.О. – сбор и обработка данных; Алексеенко А.Н. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных; Вокина В.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных; Соседова Л.М. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнена по плану НИР в рамках государственного задания.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 08.04.2026 / Принята к печати: 18.06.2026 / Опубликована: 28.09.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Wildfire smoke (WFS) is a complex mixture of particulate matter (PM) and toxic gases. Nevertheless, the contribution of each fraction to the overall toxicity remains poorly understood. Peat smoke, characterized by prolonged smoldering and a specific chemical composition, is of particular interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Peat smoke extracts (PSE) were obtained by bubbling smoke through a DMEM culture medium, followed by separation into unfiltered (UF-PSE), containing PM and soluble gas components, and filtered (F-PSE), containing only water-soluble gases. The obtained extracts in dilutions of 1:3, 1:1, 3:1 and without dilution were used for exposure of 3T3-SV40 mouse fibroblast culture. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the dye exclusion method, cellular metabolic activity was assessed using the MTT assay, and fragmentation and whole-genome DNA methylation were assessed using the comet assay. The qualitative composition of volatile compounds in UF-PSE was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. No statistically significant differences in cell viability, fragmentation, or whole-genome DNA methylation were detected between the experimental and control groups. However, a trend toward a dose-dependent decrease in viability and metabolic activity was noted under UF-PSE, which was absent for F-PSE. The level of whole-genome DNA methylation under UF-PSE exposure was 1.6 times higher than under F-PSE. Volatile aldehydes C1–C4, primarily acetaldehyde and formaldehyde, were identified in the chemical composition of UF-PSE. No other volatile organic compounds were detected.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study is limited to the use of a single 24-hour exposure to F-PSE and UF-PSE on 3T3-SV40 with a qualitative chemical analysis of smoke components, a study of its cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, ability to introduce epigenetic changes and influence the metabolic activity of cells.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Although there were no statistically significant differences, the identified trends indicate a possible contribution of PM to the cytotoxicity and epigenetic effects of peat smoke, which requires further study, including chronic exposure and its quantitative chemical analysis.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research (Protocol No.7 of 12/15/2023), conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or for Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), Directive 2010/63/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Abramova V.A. – concept and design of research, data collection and processing, statistical data processing, text writing, editing; Vasyuhina P.O. – data collection and processing; Alekseenko A.N. – concept and design of research, data collection and processing; Vokina V.A. – concept and design of research, data collection and processing; Sosedova L.M. – concept and design of research, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: April 8, 2026 / Accepted: June 18, 2026 / Published: September 28, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>торфяной дым</kwd><kwd>культура клеток</kwd><kwd>цитотоксичность</kwd><kwd>генотоксичность</kwd><kwd>полногеномное метилирование ДНК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>peat smoke</kwd><kwd>cell culture</kwd><kwd>cytotoxicity</kwd><kwd>genotoxicity</kwd><kwd>whole-genome DNA methylation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen L.W., Moosmüller H., Arnott W.P., Chow J.C., Watson J.G., Susott R.A., et al. Emissions from laboratory combustion of wildland fuels: emission factors and source profiles. Environ. Sci. 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