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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-9-1011-1019</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">esklrx</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5867</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности патогенетических механизмов развития негативных эффектов у детей в условиях аэрогенного воздействия металлов: количественная оценка причинно-следственных связей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogenetic pathways of adverse health effects in children exposed to airborne metals: quantification of cause-effect relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-1145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Нина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>Nina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, academician of the RAS, scientific director, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">znv@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-4526</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кольдибекова</surname><given-names>Юлия Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koldibekova</surname><given-names>Yuliya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. с выполнением обязанностей зав. лаб. метаболизма и фармакокинетики отд. биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: koldibekova@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), senior researcher, head, Laboratory of metabolism and pharmacokinetics, Biochemical and Cytogenetic Diagnostic Techniques Department, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: koldibekova@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koldibekova@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-9613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Землянова</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemlyanova</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. отд. биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН» Роспотребнадзора, 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, head, Biochemical and Cytogenetic Diagnostic Techniques Department, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zem@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1011</fpage><lpage>1019</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зайцева Н.В., Кольдибекова Ю.В., Землянова М.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Кольдибекова Ю.В., Землянова М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaitseva N.V., Koldibekova Y.V., Zemlyanova M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5867">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5867</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Аэрогенное воздействие металлов, поступающих в организм из промышленных выбросов, является ведущим фактором формирования ассоциированной неинфекционной заболеваемости у детей. Цифровизация причинно-следственных связей с верификацией факта экспозиции на основе биомаркёров экспозиции и негативных эффектов повышает точность гигиенических оценок и эффективность профилактических мер.</p><p>Цель исследования – выявление особенностей патогенеза развития негативных эффектов у детей в условиях аэрогенного воздействия металлов на основе количественной оценки причинно-следственных связей (на примере оксидов марганца, меди, никеля, хрома и алюминия).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. На основе углублённых медицинских обследований 2055 детей Красноярского края и Иркутской области (период 2016–2025 гг.) проведено каскадное регрессионное моделирование по детерминированной цепочке от внешней аэрогенной экспозиции до развития ассоциированных с ней патологий.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлен вклад ингаляционного пути в формирование повышенных концентраций металлов в биосредах (R² = 0,23–0,7), реализующийся на фоне сопутствующего поступления токсикантов другими путями. Определены реперные концентрации биомаркёров экспозиции (мг/дм³): в крови – хрома (0,0011), марганца (0,011), никеля (0,002) и меди (0,912), в моче – алюминия (0,0032). Обоснован профиль донозологических биомаркёров негативных эффектов: оксидативный стресс (рост гидроперекисей липидов и малонового диальдегида), митохондриальный апоптоз (экспрессия белка Bax), дисбаланс клеточного (повышение лимфоцитов CD16+56+ и CD19+) и гуморального иммунитета (специфические к металлам иммуноглобулины), локальная эозинофилия. Выявлена дифференциация траекторий патогенеза у девочек и мальчиков.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Ретроспективный анализ данных, диапазон уровней экспозиции, фокус на возрастной группе 4–7 лет, ингаляционный путь поступления металлов без учёта алиментарного и перкутанного путей.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Количественные параметры причинно-следственных связей служат доказательной базой для верификации условий возникновения неинфекционных болезней при аэрогенном воздействии металлов. Учёт выявленных особенностей патогенеза и половых различий позволяет повысить эффективность программ профилактики для детей в условиях аэрогенного воздействия металлов.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике.</p></sec><sec><title>Вклад авторов</title><p>Вклад авторов: Зайцева Н.В. – дизайн исследования;Кольдибекова Ю.В. – сбор и анализ литературных данных, написание текста;Землянова М.А. – редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 27.07.2026 / Поступила после доработки: 19.08.2026 / Принята к печати: 15.09.2026 / Опубликована: 20.10.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Aerogenic exposure to metals coming from industrial emissions is a leading factor in the formation of associated non-infectious morbidity in children. Digitalization of cause-and-effect relationships with verification of the fact of exposure based on biomarkers of exposure and adverse effects increases the accuracy of hygienic assessments and the effectiveness of preventive measures. </p><p>The aim of this study was to identify peculiarities of pathogenetic pathways responsible for adverse health effects in children exposed to airborne metals based on quantification of cause-effect relations (exemplified by manganese, copper, nickel, chromium, and aluminum oxides).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Based on in-depth medical studies of two thousand fifty five children in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and Irkutsk Region, for 2016–2025, cascade regression modeling was carried out along a deterministic chain from external aerogenic exposure to the development of associated diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The contribution of the inhalation route to the formation of increased concentrations of metals in biological media (R² = 0.23–0.70), which occurs against the background of the concomitant intake of toxicants through other routes, has been established. Reference concentrations of exposure biomarkers (mg/dm³) were determined in the blood: chromium (0.0011), manganese (0.011), nickel (0.002) and copper (0.912), in the urine: aluminum (0.0032). The profile of prenosological biomarkers of adverse effects is substantiated: oxidative stress (increase in lipid hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde), mitochondrial apoptosis (expression of the Bax protein), imbalance of cellular (increase in CD16+56+ and CD19+ lymphocytes) and humoral immunity (metal-specific immunoglobulins), local eosinophilia. Differentiation of pathogenesis trajectories in girls and boys was revealed.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. Retrospective data analysis, range of exposure levels, focus on the age group of 4–7 years, inhalation route of entry of metals without taking into account the nutritional and percutaneous routes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Quantitative parameters of cause-and-effect relationships serve as an evidence base for verifying the conditions for the occurrence of non-infectious diseases under aerogenic exposure to metals. Taking into account the identified features of pathogenesis and gender differences makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of prevention programs for children under conditions of aerogenic exposure to metals.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study did not require approved by an ethics committee.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions: Zaitseva N.V. – study design; Koldibekova Yu.V. – Data collection and literature analysis, wiring the text; Zemlyanova М.А. – editing the text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: July 27, 2026 / Revised: August 19, 2026 / Accepted: September 15, 2026 / Published: October 20, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>металлы</kwd><kwd>аэрогенное воздействие</kwd><kwd>биомаркёры экспозиции</kwd><kwd>биомаркёры негативных эффектов</kwd><kwd>причинно-следственные связи</kwd><kwd>патогенетические механизмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metals</kwd><kwd>airborne exposure</kwd><kwd>biomarkers of exposure</kwd><kwd>biomarkers of adverse effects</kwd><kwd>cause-effect relations</kwd><kwd>pathogenetic pathways</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тихонова И.В., Землянова М.А., Кольдибекова Ю.В., Пескова Е.В., Игнатова А.М. 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