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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2018-97-6-572-575</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-591</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Актуальные проблемы управления рисками здоровью населения в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Actual problems of population health risks management in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-6507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракитский</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakitskiy</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3113-7101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авалиани</surname><given-names>Симон Леванович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avaliani</surname><given-names>Simon L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф., зав. отд. анализа риска здоровью населения ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора.</p><p>e-mail: savaliani@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., professor, head of the Department of health risk analysis of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Mytischi, 141014, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: savaliani@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">savaliani@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4190-0326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шашииа</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shashina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6693-922X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Додина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dodina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>97</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>572</fpage><lpage>575</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ракитский В.Н., Авалиани С.Л., Шашииа Т.А., Додина Н.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ракитский В.Н., Авалиани С.Л., Шашииа Т.А., Додина Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rakitskiy V.N., Avaliani S.L., Shashina T.A., Dodina N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/591">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/591</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье определены основные задачи анализа риска и его важнейшего компонента — управления риском, что позволяет разрабатывать экономически эффективные меры по снижению негативного воздействия вредных факторов среды обитания на состояние здоровья населения на основе анализа рыночных подходов «затраты – выгоды» и «затраты – эффективность». Подчеркнуты важные фундаментальные изменения в области законодательной поддержки управленческой деятельности, направленной на обеспечение санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения. Внедрение риск-ориентированного подхода в практику контрольно-надзорной деятельности органов исполнительной власти Российской Федерации является составной частью реформирования системы государственного управления рисками разной природы. Определены ключевые проблемы управления рисками здоровью населения в России и обсуждаются основные пути их решения. Так, разработка надёжных и научно обоснованных классификаций степени опасности объектов требует чётких критериев оценки объектов надзора. Классы хозяйствующих субъектов должны отражать ведущие факторы риска, выявленные на контролируемых территориях. При обосновании риска от вероятности (частоты) нарушения обязательных требований санитарного законодательства необходима инвентаризация всех последствий нарушения санитарного законодательства для каждого объекта надзора и их ранжирование по степени опасности. Подчеркнуто, что переход к технологическому нормированию выбросов атмосферных загрязнений с учётом показателей наилучших доступных технологий (НДТ) является прогрессивным управленческим методом, что диктует необходимость проведения анализа использования НДТ с позиций достижения уровней приемлемого риска, а также оценки эффективности альтернативных мероприятий по сокращению выбросов, включая НДТ. Отмечено, что в основе сравнительного анализа рисков существует возможность оценивать не только риск для здоровья человека, но и экологический риск для экосистемы и составляющих её основных звеньев, а также риск, связанный с нарушением качества и условий жизни. Представлено взаимодействие заинтересованных сторон при разработке решений по управлению риском здоровью от воздействия факторов окружающей среды.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article there are defined the main tasks of risk analysis and its main component — risk management, which make it possible to develop economically efficient measures, aimed at the impact reduction of environmental harmful factors for public health based on the analysis of market driven approaches «cost–benefit» and «cost–effectiveness». As well there are emphasized significant fundamental changes in the area of the legislative support of management activity, focused on sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population. The implementation of risk-focused approach to the practice of means of control and supervision to the government of Russian Federation is an integral part of control reformation system of different nature. The key problems of public health risk management in Russia are defined and the main ways of their solution are discussed. Thus, the development of reliable and scientifically based classifications of hazard level for objects requires clear criteria for supervision of assessing objects. Classes of business entities should reflect the leading risk factors, which discovered in the controlled areas. In the justification of risk from the probability (frequency) of violations of the mandatory requirements of sanitary legislation required the inventory of all consequences of the breach of sanitary legislation for each object of supervision and their ranking according to the degree of hazard. It is pointed out, that the movement towards to the technological regulation of air pollution emissions, including indicators of the Maximum Achievable Control Technology or (MACT) is a progressive management method, which requires an analysis with the use of MACT from the perspective of achieving acceptable risk levels, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of alternative measures to reduce emissions, including MACT. It was noted, that on the basis of comparative risk analysis, it is possible to assess not only the risk to human health, but also the environmental risk to the ecosystem and its components, as well as the risk associated with the violation of the quality and living conditions. It is seen the interaction of concerned parties in the development of solutions management of health risks from environmental factors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оценка риска</kwd><kwd>управление риском</kwd><kwd>риск-ориентированный надзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>risk assessment</kwd><kwd>risk management</kwd><kwd>risk-focused surveillance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Research Council. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. Washington, D.C:National Academy Press, 1983. 206 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Research Council. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. 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