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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2018-97-9-791-798</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-630</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Волны жары и холода в городах, расположенных в арктической и субарктической зонах, как факторы риска повышения смертности населения на примере Архангельска, Мурманска и Якутска</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Heat waves and cold spells in three arctic and subarctic cities as mortality risk factors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ревич</surname><given-names>Борис Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Revich</surname><given-names>Boris A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф. зав. лаб. прогнозирования качества окружающей среды и здоровья населения ФГБУ науки Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН.</p><p>e-mail: brevich@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., professor, head of the Laboratory for forecasting the quality of the environment and public health of the Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: brevich@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">brevich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шапошников</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaposhnikov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимов</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimov</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белолуцкая</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belolutskaia</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН; ФГБУ «Государственный гидрологический институт» Росгидромета</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Economic Forecasting; State Hydrological Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Economic Forecasting</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный гидрологический институт» Росгидромета</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Hydrological Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный гидрологический институт» Росгидромета; ГБОУ ВПО Министерства здравоохранения РФ «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Hydrological Institute; The First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>97</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>791</fpage><lpage>798</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ревич Б.А., Шапошников Д.А., Анисимов О.А., Белолуцкая М.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ревич Б.А., Шапошников Д.А., Анисимов О.А., Белолуцкая М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Revich B.A., Shaposhnikov D.A., Anisimov O.A., Belolutskaia M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/630">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/630</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Климатические изменения приводят к увеличению частоты температурных волн. Для оценки их воздействия на показатели смертности населения от основных причин проведено исследование повторяемости и длительности волн жары и холода в городах Мурманск, Архангельск и Якутск за период с 1999 по 2016 г. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Данные восьмисрочных наблюдений температуры, влажности и скорости ветра за этот период приняты с вебсайта ВНИИГМИ, наблюдения проводились в стандартные синоптические сроки с интервалом в 3 часа. Ежесуточные данные о смертности получены из базы данных Росстата. Для статистического анализа зависимостей между показателями температурных волн и смертностью использовалась обобщенная Пуассоновская линейная регрессия. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. За период исследования по температуре сухого термометра в трёх городах было идентифицировано 40 волн жары и 37 волн холода длительностью от пяти дней. Проведено сравнение прогностической способности двух индексов биоклиматической комфортности для холода (температуры сухого термометра и ветро-холодового индекса) и двух индексов для жары (температуры сухого термометра и эффективной температуры). Эти индексы являются предикторами смертности во время волн холода и жары в арктических и субарктических городах. Вычислены относительные приросты смертности во время этих погодных явлений (по сравнению с обычными днями) с дифференциацией по основным причинам смерти и по возрастным группам населения. Основной вклад в повышенную смертность во время длительных эпизодов экстремальных температур вносят болезни органов кровообращения. </p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Для идентификации волн холода и жары целесообразно использовать вероятностные характеристики локальных многолетних распределений суточных значений метеофакторов. Риски прироста смертности в арктических/приарктических городах при воздействия волн жары менее выражены, чем в южных городах России. Волны холода, наоборот, более опасны для здоровья в арктических городах, чем в южных.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Climate change leads to an increase in the frequency of temperature waves. To assess the impacts of temperature waves on cause-specific mortality rates, this study characterized the frequency and duration of heat waves and cold spells in the cities of Murmansk, Archangelsk, and Yakutsk in the period of 1999-2016. The relationships between mortality and temperature waves in these cities were estimated using three bioclimatic indices (dry bulb temperature, apparent temperature, wind-chill index). The relative predictive powers of these indices were compared. The main drivers of elevated mortality during such events were identified differentially by the cause and the age of death. Forty heat waves and thirty-seven cold spells were identified in these cities, using dry bulb temperature as an explanatory variable. Cardiovascular deaths mostly contribute to elevated total mortality rates during protracted exposures to extreme heat and cold. Heat-related health risks are more pronounced in the south of European Russia than in the Arctic cities. Cold-related risks are higher in the northern cities.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>климат Арктики</kwd><kwd>изменение климата</kwd><kwd>арктические и субарктические города</kwd><kwd>смертность населения</kwd><kwd>волны жары</kwd><kwd>волны холода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Arctic climate</kwd><kwd>climate change</kwd><kwd>Arctic and subarctic cities</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>heat waves</kwd><kwd>cold spells</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dematte J.E., O’Mara K., Buescher J., Whitney C.G., Forsythe S., McNamee T. et al. Near-Fatal Heat Stroke during the 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago. Ann Intern Med, 1998. 129: 173-181. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-3-199808010-00001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dematte J.E., O’Mara K., Buescher J., Whitney C.G., Forsythe S., McNamee T. et al. 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