medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2018-97-11-1046-52medlit-690Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEМатериалы к обоснованию гигиенического норматива микроцистина-LR в воде водных объектовMaterials for the substantiation of the hygienic standard of microcystin-LR in water of water objectshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-6149ЕгороваНаталья АлександровнаEgorovaNataliya A.

Доктор мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. лаб. гигиены питьевого водоснабжения и биофизики воды, ФГБУ «ЦСП» Минздрава России.

e-mail: tussy@list.ru

MD, Ph.D., DSci., a leading researcher of the laboratory of hygiene of drinking water supply and water biophysics of the Centre for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.

e-mail: tussy@list.ru

tussy@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-0185КузьН. В.KuzN. V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-0690СиницынаО. О.SinitsynaO. O.noemail@neicon.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииCentre for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of HealthФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в городе Москве»Centre for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health; Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in MoscowФГУП «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт железнодорожной гигиены» РоспотребнадзораAll-Russian Research Institute of Railway Hygiene of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Customer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing201820102020971110461052Copyright © Егорова Н.А., Кузь Н.В., Синицына О.О., 20202020Егорова Н.А., Кузь Н.В., Синицына О.О.Egorova N.A., Kuz N.V., Sinitsyna O.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/690Введение

Введение. Рост антропогенного загрязнения водных объектов и зарегулирование речного стока привели к практически повсеместной интенсификации эвтрофикации водоёмов, что способствует массовому развитию («цветению») в летнее время цианобактерий – сине-зеленых водорослей. Главная опасность «цветения» – способность цианобактерий продуцировать токсины, неблагоприятно влияющие на здоровье человека, среди которых первое место по распространённости и токсичности занимает микроцистин-LR. К настоящему времени микроцистин-LR в питьевой воде регламентируют ВОЗ и 22 государства, но в РФ микроцистин-LR в воде не нормируется. Цель настоящей работы – обоснование ПДК микроцистина-LR в воде водных объектов и питьевой воде РФ. 

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. В работе проанализированы данные мировой практики оценки токсичности микроцистина-LR, включая действие микроцистина-LR в естественных условиях на животных и человека (острые и хронические эффекты); результаты изучения острого, подострого и хронического токсического действия, влияния на репродуктивную функцию, мутагенного, генотоксического и канцерогенного действия в экспериментах на лабораторных животных. Использованы методологии обоснования и гармонизации гигиенических нормативов веществ в воде. 

Результаты

Результаты. Анализ информации о токсическом действии микроцистина-LR, опыт ВОЗ и 22 стран по нормированию его допустимого содержания в воде, а также отечественный опыт обоснования и гармонизации гигиенических нормативов позволили рекомендовать ПДК микроцистина-LR в воде водных объектов и питьевой воде на уровне 0,001 мг/л с пометкой «к)» (канцероген), 1 класс опасности, лимитирующий показатель вредности – санитарно-токсикологический. 

Заключение

Заключение. В условиях не снижающегося загрязнения водных объектов цианотоксинами сине-зелёных водорослей введение в действие ПДК микроцистина-LR будет иметь важное значение для профилактики его неблагоприятного влияния на здоровье населения. 

Introduction

Introduction. The growth of the anthropogenic pollution of water bodies and the regulation of river flow has led to an almost universal intensification of eutrophication of water bodies, which contributes to the mass development (“blooming “) in the summer cyanobacteria – blue-green algae. The main danger of “ blooming “ is the ability of cyanobacteria to produce toxins to adversely affect human health, among which hepatotoxin microcystin-LR takes the first place in prevalence and toxicity. To date, microcystin-LR in drinking water is regulated by WHO and 22 States, but in Russia, microcystin-LR in water is not standardized. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the MAC of microcystin–LR in water of water bodies and drinking water of the Russian Federation.

Material and methods

Material and methods. The data of the world practice of the toxicity assessment of microcystin-LR, including the acute and chronic effects of microcystin-LR on animals and humans in natural conditions; the results of the study of acute, subacute and chronic toxic effects, effects on reproductive function, mutagenic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects in experiments on laboratory animals were analyzed. The methodology of substantiation and harmonization of hygienic standards of substances in water was used. 

Results

Results. Analysis of the information about the toxic effect of microcystin-LR, the experience of WHO and 22 countries on the regulation of its permissible content in water, as well as domestic experience of justification and harmonization of hygienic standards makes it possible to recommend the MAC microcystin-LR in water of water bodies and drinking water at the level of 0.001 mg/l marked “k” (carcinogen), 1st hazard class, limiting harmfulness index – sanitary-toxicological.

Discussion

Discussion. The results of the study showed that to justify the MAC of microcystin-LR in water, one index of harmfulness is sufficient – sanitary-toxicological, the study of the effect on organoleptic and general sanitary indices is not advisable because of the specific properties of the toxin.

Conclusion

Conclusion. In the conditions of non-decreasing pollution of water bodies with cyanotoxins of blue-green algae, the introduction of MAC microcystin-LR will be important for the prevention of its adverse effects on public health.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.