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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2018-97-11-1068-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-694</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POPULATION HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гигиеническая оценка особенностей фенотипической адаптации человека в зависимости от условий проживания и этногендерной принадлежности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygienic assessment of human phenotypic adaptation features depending on living conditions, ethnicity, and gender</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6139-5833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мешков</surname><given-names>Николай Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshkov</surname><given-names>Nikolay A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф., Заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, зав. лаб. ФГБУ «ЦСП» Минздрава России.</p><p>e-mail: professor121@rambler.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head of laboratory of the Centre for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: professor121@rambler.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">professor121@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-5381</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вальцева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valtseva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>97</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1068</fpage><lpage>1075</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мешков Н.А., Вальцева Е.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мешков Н.А., Вальцева Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Meshkov N.A., Valtseva E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/694">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/694</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Изучение фенотипических особенностей кардиореспираторных заболеваний имеет принципиальное значение для медицинской профилактики. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено кросс-секционное исследование состояния здоровья и адаптивных реакций у взрослого населения Поволжья, Республик Алтай и Хакасия. Обследовано 940 человек, в том числе 229 мужчин и 711 женщин русской и тюркской этнических групп. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлены гендерные и этнические особенности кардиореспираторных заболеваний: у русских повышена заболеваемость болезнями системы кровообращения (БСК) и органов дыхания (БОД) соответственно в 1,9 (χ² = 182,3; p &lt; 0,001) и 1,6 (χ² = 8,8; p = 0,004) раза. Уровень БОД повышен среди мужчин как русских (PRM=1,6; χ² = 3,6; p = 0,059), так и тюркских (PRM=2,5; χ² = 15,8; p &lt; 0,001). Индекс массы тела (ИМТ) достоверно выше у русских обоего пола (p &lt; 0,001): у мужчин – p = 0,004, у женщин – p &lt; 0,001; у женщин ИМТ выше, чем у мужчин в обеих этнических группах. Выявлена связь артериального давления систолического (АДС) с ИМТ у мужчин и женщин. Уровень БСК у мужчин зависит от АДС, а у женщин – от артериального давления диастолического (АДД) (р = 0,06) и общего периферического сопротивления сосудов (р = 0,02). Установлена взаимосвязь между уровнем БОД и индексом Тиффно-Вотчала у мужчин. Нарушения функции дыхания имеются у проживающих на одной территории 66,7% алтайцев и 33,3% русских мужчин, а также у 80,0% алтаек и 20,0% русских женщин. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Этнические и гендерные особенности фенотипической адаптации к условиям среды обитания являются основой индивидуального подхода к профилактике кардиореспираторных заболеваний и разработки медико-профилактических мероприятий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The study of phenotypic features of cardiorespiratory diseases is of fundamental importance for medical prevention. </p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. We have carried out a cross-sectional study that looks into the health status and adaptive responses in the adult population of the Volga region, the Altai Republic and the Republic of Khakassia. A total of 940 cases were examined, including 229 men and 711 women (belonging to Russian and Turkic ethnic groups). </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study has shown differences in the incidence rate of cardiorespiratory diseases depending on gender and ethnicity: incidence rate of circulatory system diseases (CSD) and respiratory diseases (RD) among Russians is 1.9 and 1.6 times higher than among Turks patients, respectively. The incidence rate of RD is higher among men both in Russians and Turks cases. The body mass index (BMI) is significantly higher in Russian men (p &lt; 0.004) and women (p &lt; 0.001). Women’s BMI is higher than that of men in both ethnic groups. The study has also revealed a correlation between the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and BMI in men and women. The incidence rate of CSD depends both on SBP in men and on diastolic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance in women. Also, we have found a correlation between RD rate and Tiffeneau index in men. As much as 66.7% of Altai and 33.3% of Russian men, as well as 80.0% of Altai and 20.0% of Russian women living in the region, have respiratory problems. The study has shown differences in susceptibility to natural, climatic and environmental factors among men and women, which can be explained by ethnic and gender differences in phenotypic adaptation. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Ethnic and gender differences in phenotypic adaptation to environmental conditions are the basis of an individual approach to preventing cardiorespiratory diseases and developing medical and prevention measures.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фенотипическая адаптация</kwd><kwd>кардиореспираторные заболевания</kwd><kwd>этнические и гендерные особенности</kwd><kwd>природно-климатические и экологические факторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>phenotypic adaptation</kwd><kwd>cardiorespiratory diseases</kwd><kwd>ethnic and gender differences</kwd><kwd>natural</kwd><kwd>climatic and environmental factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильинских Н.Н., Мешков Н.А., ред. Природные и антропогенные факторы, влияющие на состояние здоровья населения Республики Алтай. 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