medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2018-97-11-1114-21medlit-702Research ArticleЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONSВлияние одностенных углеродных нанотрубок на иммунологические, гематологические и микроэкологические показатели крыс Вистар при пероральном введенииIngested single-walled carbon nanotubes affect on immunological, hematological and microecological indices of Wistar ratshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0015-8735ШипелинВ. А.ShipelinV. A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-2485РигерН. А.RigerN. A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0035-3629ТрушинаЭ. Н.TrushinaE. N.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-9377МустафинаО. К.MustafinaO. K.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2631-6412МарковаЮ. М.MarkovaYu. M.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-7716ПолянинаА. С.PolyaninaA. S.noemail@neicon.ruМасютинА. Г.MasyutinA. G.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-9068ЧерновА. И.ChernovA. I.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-6508ГмошинскийИван ВсеволодовичGmoshinskyIvan V.

Доктор биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. лаб. пищевой токсикологии и оценки безопасности нанотехнологий ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии».

e-mail: gmosh@ion.ru

MD, Ph.D. DSci., a leading researcher of the Department of Food Toxicology and Evaluation of Nanotechnology Safety of the Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation.

e-mail: gmosh@ion.ru

gmosh@ion.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5340-9649ХотимченкоС. А.KhotimchenkoS. A.noemail@neicon.ruФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии»РоссияFederal Research Centre for Nutrition and BiotechnologyRussian FederationМосковский государственный университет им. М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationФГБУН «Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова» РАНРоссияA.M. Prokhorov General Physics InstituteRussian FederationФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии»; ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияFederal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityRussian Federation201820102020971111141121Copyright © Шипелин В.А., Ригер Н.А., Трушина Э.Н., Мустафина О.К., Маркова Ю.М., Полянина А.С., Масютин А.Г., Чернов А.И., Гмошинский И.В., Хотимченко С.А., 20202020Шипелин В.А., Ригер Н.А., Трушина Э.Н., Мустафина О.К., Маркова Ю.М., Полянина А.С., Масютин А.Г., Чернов А.И., Гмошинский И.В., Хотимченко С.А.Shipelin V.A., Riger N.A., Trushina E.N., Mustafina O.K., Markova Y.M., Polyanina A.S., Masyutin A.G., Chernov A.I., Gmoshinsky I.V., Khotimchenko S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/702Введение

Введение. Одностенные углеродные нанотрубки (ОСУНТ) могут создавать риски для здоровья человека при поступлении в организм пероральным путём в случае использования их в упаковочных материалах, в качестве перспективных агрохимикатов и пестицидов. Цель работы – оценка подострой пероральной токсичности ОСУНТ для крыс. 

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. В 92-дневном эксперименте ОСУНТ вводили крысам вместе с питьевой водой в дозах 0 (контроль); 0,01; 0,1; 1,0 и 10 мг/кг массы тела (м.т.) в группах с первой по пятую, соответственно. Изучали гематологические показатели крови, апоптоз гепатоцитов, уровни про- и противовоспалительных цитокинов в плазме крови и их продукцию клетками селезёнки ex vivo, содержание основных и транзиторных компонентов кишечного микробиоценоза слепой кишки. 

Результаты

Результаты. При дозе ОСУНТ 0,01 мг/кг м.т. отмечалось снижение количества нейтрофилов и базофилов, повышение численности лимфоцитов, снижение числа и объёма тромбоцитов. При дозе 0,1 мг/кг м.т. выявлено снижение числа клеток на ранней стадии апоптоза и общего числа клеток в апоптозе, а также отмечено достоверное снижение уровней цитокинов IL-10, IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, хемокина MIP-3a, изоформы 1 TGF-b; при дозе 1,0 мг/кг цитокина IL-12p70 кД и изоформ 1 и 3 TGF-b. Уровень TGF-b2 был достоверно повышен в группе 5. Отмечалось подавляющее действие ОСУНТ на содержание плесневой флоры кишечника при всех дозах наряду с возрастанием содержания дрожжей при дозе 1 мг/кг м.т. В 28-дневном эксперименте иммунизация крыс овальбумином оказала определённое модулирующее действие на иммунотропные эффекты ОСУНТ, вводимых в дозе 0,1 мг/кг м.т. 

Заключение

Заключение. ОСУНТ проявляют ряд эффектов в отношении изученных показателей, не демонстрирующие монотонной зависимости от дозы наноматериала, что, по-видимому, связано с процессами агрегации ОСУНТ.

Introduction

Introduction. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can create risks to human health when they enter the body by oral route when used in packaging materials, as promising agrochemicals and pesticides. 

The aim of the study

The aim of the study. Evaluation of the subacute oral toxicity of SWCNT in rats. 

Material and methods

Material and methods. In the 92-days of the experiment, the SWCNTs were administered to rats along with drinking water at doses of 0 (control); 0.01; 0.1; 1.0 and 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) in the groups 1-5, respectively. Hematological indices of blood, apoptosis of hepatocytes, levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood plasma and their production by cells of the spleen ex vivo, the content of the main and transient components of the intestinal microbiocenosis in the cecum were studied. There were determined hematological blood counts, hepatocyte apoptosis, levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood plasma and their production by spleen cells ex vivo, content in the cecum of the main and transient components of the intestinal microbiocenosis.

Results

Results. At the SWCNT dose of 0.01 mg/kg BW there was a decrease in the number of neutrophils and basophils, an increase in the number of lymphocytes, and a decrease in the number and volume of platelets. At a dose of 0.1 mg/kg bw there was noted a decrease in the number of cells in the early stage of apoptosis and the total number of cells in apoptosis, as well as a significant decrease in the levels of cytokines IL-10, IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, chemokine MIP-3a, TGF-β isoform 1; at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg IL-12p70, and TGF-β isoforms 1 and 3. TGF- β2 level was significantly elevated in group 5. The suppressive effect was noted for SWCNTs on the mold flora in intestinal contents at all doses of nanomaterial used, whereas the number of yeasts increased at 1 mg/kg BW. The immunization of rats with ovalbumin had a clear modulating effect on the immunotropic effects of SWCNTs administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg BW in a 28-days experiment. 

Discussion

Discussion. The mechanisms of the observed changes development are likely to be associated with both systemic anti-inflammatory effects and with a decrease in the effect of SWCNT on the permeability of the intestinal barrier to protein antigens and microbial toxins. 

Conclusion

Conclusion. SWCNTs exhibit a number of effects in relation to the studied indices that do not demonstrate a monotonic dependence on the dose of nanomaterial, which, apparently, is related to the processes of aggregation of the SWCNT.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.