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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2017-96-7-610-614</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-858</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ И ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND POPULATION HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплесный подход к проблеме биологического фактора</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comprehensive approach to the problem of biological factor</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3557-2255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копытенкова</surname><given-names>Ольга Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopytenkova</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гл. науч. сотр. отдела гигиены, ФБУН «Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья» Роспотребнадзора, 191036, Санкт-Петербург.</p><p>e-mail: 5726164@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., professor, chief researcher of the department of hygiene of the North-West Public Health Research Center, Saint-Petersburg, 191036, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: 5726164@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">5726164@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-9963</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9388-978X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сазонова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sazonova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5283-0984</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слюсарева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slusareva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-West Public Health Research Center</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>96</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>610</fpage><lpage>614</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Копытенкова О.И., Шилова Е.А., Сазонова А.М., Слюсарева О.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Копытенкова О.И., Шилова Е.А., Сазонова А.М., Слюсарева О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kopytenkova O.I., Shilova E.A., Sazonova A.M., Slusareva O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/858">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/858</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье приведены результаты исследования части урбоэкосистемы, в качестве которой выбрано подземное пространство города Санкт-Петербург — участки транспортных тоннелей. Выявлено наличие массированной глубокой биодеструкции рассматриваемого объекта, вызванной микромицетами. Определен видовой состав микромицетов, установлен процент пораженности исследуемых участков идентифицированными микроскопическими грибами. В ходе микробиологического анализа воздушной среды выявлены микромицеты, встречающиеся в воздухе рабочих зон и отсутствующие на участках конструкций объекта. Рассмотрено и распределено на группы отрицательное воздействие микромицетов на контактирующего с ними человека. Проанализированы причины неэффективной борьбы с биологическими агентами. Одна из них: существующий регламент тестирования активности биоцидов в отношении биодеструкторов микромицетов не предусматривает учета разницы свойств культур в сообществах и в монокультурах. Предложен способ подбора биоцидных препаратов для борьбы с биодеструкцией, вызванной микромицетами, и представлен авторский алгоритм комплексного подхода к оценке биологического фактора и к подбору защиты от его вредного воздействия, использование которого позволит снизить риск возникновения и развития биопоражения материалов, профессиональных заболеваний и общей заболеваемости в целом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the harmful biological industrial factor that has an impact on employees of underground objects. The results of the urban ecosystem study were provided. Underground space of St.-Petersburg including sectors of traffic tunnels was selected as part of the urban ecosystem. The presence of biodegradation of the object is found. Results of a study of the microbiota of underground space are presented. The cause of the biological damage was found to be the massive deep degradation stipulated by micromycetes. Species composition of micromycetes occurring in the underground transport tunnels in St. Petersburg were detected, a percentage of infestation by microscopic fungi in the investigated plots was identified. Also there were provided results of microbiological analysis of the air environment of the object under consideration, which allowed to detect micromycetes, occurring only in the air of working areas and missing in parts of the structures of the object. Microorganisms were established not only to be the source of the risk of harmful effects on humans, but also to give rise in the biodegradation of materials. Negative effect of micromycetes on the contact person was considered. The negative impact of micromycetes was conventionally divided into groups. The causes of biodegradation of different materials and structures are considered. Causes of inefficient fighting against biological agents were analyzed. One of them concerns the fact that accepted testing regulations for the activity of biocides against agents of the biodegradation — micromycetes — fail to include the difference of the properties of the cultures in the communities and in the monocultures. Selection method of biocide preparations to control the biodegradation stipulated by micromycetes was suggested. Algorithm of integrated approach to the assessment of biological factors and to the selection of protection from its harmful effects was developed, the use of this algorithm will reduce the risk of occurrence and growth of biodegradation materials, professional diseases and general morbidity in whole.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биодеструкция</kwd><kwd>биологический фактор</kwd><kwd>комплексный подход</kwd><kwd>мелкодисперсная пыль</kwd><kwd>микромицеты</kwd><kwd>микроорганизмы</kwd><kwd>охрана труда</kwd><kwd>подбор биоцидов</kwd><kwd>подземные объекты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biodegradation</kwd><kwd>biological factors</kwd><kwd>integrated approach</kwd><kwd>fine dust</kwd><kwd>micromycetes</kwd><kwd>microorganism</kwd><kwd>occupational safety</kwd><kwd>selection of biocides</kwd><kwd>underground facilities</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антонов В.Б. 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