medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2017-96-8-770-779medlit-893Research ArticleПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕPREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATIONТоксичность углеродных нанотрубок: специальные и отдалённые эффекты воздействия, сценарии экспозиции, оценка риска (обзор литературы)Toxicity of carbon nanotubes: specific and distant effects, exposure scenarios, risk assessment (review of literature)ГмошинскийИван ВсеволодовичGmoshinskyIvan V.

Д-р биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. лаб. пищевой токсикологии и оценки безопасности нанотехнологий ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии».e-mail: gmosh@ion.ru

D. Sc., leading researcher of the laboratory of food toxicology and evaluation safety of nanotechnologies Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation. 

e-mail: gmosh@ion.ru

gmosh@ion.ruШипелинВ. А.ShipelinV. A.noemail@neicon.ruХотимченкоС. А.KhotimchenkoS. A.noemail@neicon.ruНикитюкД. Б.NikityukD. B.noemail@neicon.ruФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology201721102020968770779Copyright © Гмошинский И.В., Шипелин В.А., Хотимченко С.А., Никитюк Д.Б., 20202020Гмошинский И.В., Шипелин В.А., Хотимченко С.А., Никитюк Д.Б.Gmoshinsky I.V., Shipelin V.A., Khotimchenko S.A., Nikityuk D.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/893

Статья содержит анализ и обобщение данных о специальных и отдалённых эффектах токсического действия углеродных нанотрубок (УНТ) (органотоксичность, генотоксичность, репродуктивная токсичность, эмбриотоксичность, иммунотоксичность, аллергенность, канцерогенность), оценки экспозиции и рисков УНТ при различных путях поступления, в том числе ингаляционном и с разнообразной продукцией. Поиск и отбор источников был осуществлён с использованием открытых баз данных, включая PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar и РИНЦ, за период с 2003 по 2016 г. Всего проанализировано 109 публикаций. В настоящее время на высоком уровне доказательности установлено повреждающее действие УНТ на геном клеток, опосредуемое, по-видимому, клеточными реакциями окислительного стресса, активацией сигнальных каскадов, экспрессией цитокинов и других регуляторных факторов. По мнению международного агентства по изучению рака (IARC), УНТ следует отнести к группе веществ 2В по канцерогенности («возможно канцерогенны для людей»). При оценке рисков УНТ важно учитывать их способность усиливать аллергическую сенсибилизацию, влиять на токсичность ряда контаминантов окружающей среды. Безопасный уровень (ПДК) для многослойных УНТ в воздухе рабочей зоны составляет 1 мкг/м3, с учётом накопления данных об отдалённых эффектах воздействия УНТ существуют перспективы дальнейшего снижения этого норматива.

The article contains the survey and analysis of data on specific and long-term effects of the toxic action of carbon nanotubes (CNT) (organotoxicity, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, embryotoxicity, immunotoxicity, allergenicity, carcinogenic action), evaluation of exposure risks and assessment in different receipt ways, including inhalation and intake with a variety of products. Search and selection of sources for the review was carried out with the use of public databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and RISC, for the period from 2004 to 2016. In total 109 publications were analyzed for the purposes of the review. Currently, harmful effects of CNT concerning the genetic apparatus of cells is proved on the highest level of evidence and appears to be mediated by oxidative cellular stress responses, signaling cascades activation, expression of cytokines and other regulatory factors. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) CNTs should be attributed to a group of carcinogenic substances 2B (“possibly carcinogenic to humans”). In assessing the risks of CNTs it is important to take into account their ability to enhance allergic sensitization, influence the toxicity of a number of environmental contaminants. Safe level (MCL) for multiwalled CNTs in the air of working area is 1 mg/m3, and taking into account data accumulation on the long-term effects of CNT, there are prospects for further reduction of the mentioned normative level.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.