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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2017-96-9-827-832</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-905</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ вклада короткоживущих изотопов йода в дозу облучения щитовидной железы у населения после Чернобыльской и Фукусимской аварий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of the contribution of short-lived radioiodines to the thyroid radiation dose for the population after the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0844-4733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шинкарев</surname><given-names>Сергей Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shinkarev</surname><given-names>Sergey M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д-р техн. наук, зав. отд. промышленной радиационной гигиены ФГБУ ГНЦ ФМБЦ им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России; 123182, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: sshinkarev@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., Head of the Department of Industrial Radiation Hygiene of the A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: sshinkarev@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sshinkarev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoylov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-0469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грановская</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Granovskaya</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-1192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2315-7049</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кухта</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukhta</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1071-5793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андросова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Androsova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4344-5654</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яценко</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iatsenko</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации - Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>96</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>827</fpage><lpage>832</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шинкарев С.М., Самойлов А.С., Грановская Е.О., Корнева Е.А., Кухта Б.А., Андросова А.А., Яценко В.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шинкарев С.М., Самойлов А.С., Грановская Е.О., Корнева Е.А., Кухта Б.А., Андросова А.А., Яценко В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shinkarev S.M., Samoylov A.S., Granovskaya E.O., Korneva E.A., Kukhta B.A., Androsova A.A., Iatsenko V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/905">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/905</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Представить сравнительный анализ вклада короткоживущих изотопов йода в дозу облучения ЩЖ у населения после двух наиболее крупных аварий на атомных реакторах: на ЧАЭС в 1986 г. и на АЭС «Фукусима-1» в 2011 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Вклад короткоживущих изотопов йода в дозу облучения ЩЖ выражен в долях дозы излучения 131I в ЩЖ, основного дозообразующего радионуклида. Этот вклад учитывает соотношение между пероральной и ингаляционной компонентами дозы от 131I, отношения дозовых коэффициентов ожидаемой дозы облучения ЩЖ при ингаляционном и пероральном поступлении изотопов йода и теллура, отношения интегрированной во времени концентрации в приземном слое воздуха и в продуктах питания (молоке) изотопов йода и теллура.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Типовой вклад короткоживущих изотопов йода в дозу облучения ЩЖ у населения по сравнению с дозой от 131I после аварии на ЧАЭС составил несколько процентов, а после аварии на АЭС «Фукусима-1» — около 15% для наиболее интенсивных радиоактивных выпадений 15 марта 2011 г. Для обеих аварий ведущая роль в облучении ЩЖ у населения среди короткоживущих изотопов йода принадлежит 133I и 132I, при этом последний изотоп йода образовывался непосредственно в организме из поступившего 132Te.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Существенные отличия в оценках типового вклада короткоживущих изотопов йода в дозу облучения ЩЖ у населения после рассмотренных двух аварий объясняются различием в доминирующих путях поступления радиойода населению. После Чернобыльской аварии доминирующим путём поступления для подавляющего большинства жителей было пероральное поступление с коровьим молоком местного производства, а после Фукусимской аварии — ингаляционное поступление, поскольку японские власти сумели оперативно предотвратить поступление радиоактивного йода по пищевому пути.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. To present results of the comparative analysis of the contribution of short-lived radioiodines to the thyroid radiation dose (TRD) in the population after two severe radiation accidents at nuclear reactors: the Chernobyl accident (1986) and the Fukushima accident (2011).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The contribution of short-lived radioiodines to the TRD is expressed in fractions of the TRD from 131I (the main dose forming radionuclide). This contribution takes into account the ratio between doses from inhalation and ingestion intake of 131I, the ratios between dose factors of the expected dose to the thyroid gland in the case of inhalation and ingestion intake of iodine and tellurium isotopes, the ratios between time-integrated concentration of iodine and tellurium isotopes at the ground-level air and in foodstuffs (milk).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The typical contribution of short-lived radioiodines to TRD for the population accounts of few percent of dose to the thyroid gland from 131I following the Chernobyl accident as on March 15, 2011, the day of the main fallout after  the Fukushima accident — within 15%. For both accidents the leading role among the short-lived radioiodines in terms of dose to the thyroid for the public belongs to 133I and 132I (due to the intake of 132Te and its radioactive decay to 132I in the body).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Significant differences in estimates of the typical contribution of short-lived radioiodines to TRD for the population after two considered accidents can be explained by differences in the dominant pathways of the intake of radioiodine by population. The dominant pathway for the vast majority of the population in the contaminated areas following the Chernobyl accident was ingestion intake with locally produced cow’s milk. Following the Fukushima accident the dominant pathway was inhalation intake, because the Japanese authorities were able to quickly prevent the intake of radioiodine with foodstuffs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Чернобыль</kwd><kwd>Фукусима</kwd><kwd>щитовидная железа</kwd><kwd>поглощённая доза облучения</kwd><kwd>131I</kwd><kwd>короткоживущие изотопы йода</kwd><kwd>население</kwd><kwd>ингаляционное поступление</kwd><kwd>пероральное поступление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Chernobyl</kwd><kwd>Fukushima</kwd><kwd>thyroid</kwd><kwd>absorbed dose</kwd><kwd>131I</kwd><kwd>short-lived radioiodines</kwd><kwd>the public</kwd><kwd>inhalation intake</kwd><kwd>ingestion intake</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Москалёв Ю.И. Актуальные проблемы радиобиологии инкорпорированных изотопов йода. 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