Науч. сотр. лаб. гигиены окружающей среды ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации — Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» ФМБА России, 123182, Москва.
e-mail: serga.1964@yandex.ru
MD, researcher of the Laboratory of environmental hygiene of the A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre, Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation.
e-mail: serga.1964@yandex.ru
Проведено комплексное обследование боевых стартовых позиций жидкостных межконтинентальных баллистических ракет шахтного базирования после вывода их из эксплуатации и частичной ликвидации. В аккредитованных испытательных лабораториях в почве, воде, строительных конструкциях выполнены исследования качественного и количественного содержания несимметричного диметилгидразина и продуктов его деструкции, тяжёлых металлов, радионуклидов. Были исследованы образцы почвы и зарегистрировано превышение предельно-допустимой концентрации (ПДК) содержания несимметричного диметилгидразина (НДМГ) в 1,2-32 раза. Исследование почвы на продукты деструкции НДМГ выявило их наличие по некоторым веществам в большинстве изученных проб, однако их значения не превышали ПДК. Было отмечено превышение по предельно допустимым и ориентировочно допустимым концентрациям содержание ряда тяжёлых металлов, которые носили как антропогенный (цинк, свинец, никель), так и природный (кобальт, хром) характер.
The evaluation of the sanitary-hygienic and ecological state of the environment on the territory of the location of the former silo launchers of intercontinental ballistic missiles after their partial elimination, as practical testing of the main provisions of the developed draft methodological manual on ensuring of environmental and hygienic safety of the sites for placing silo launchers after their decommissioning and Land reclamation. A comprehensive observation of the combat launch positions of liquid intercontinental ballistic silo based missiles after their decommissioning and partial liquidation was carried out. In accredited testing laboratories in soil, water, building structures, there were carried out.studies of the qualitative and quantitative content of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and its degradation products, heavy metals, radionuclides. In studied soil samples unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine was found to be in the soil in 69.4.7% of cases, and in 40.8% of cases in the studied samples, the excess of the MPC content of UDMH was recorded by 1.2 - 32 times. The study of soil on the degradation products of UDMG revealed their presence in some substances in most of studied samples, but their values did not exceed the MPC. The content of a number of heavy metals, both anthropogenic (zinc, lead, nickel) and natural (cobalt, chromium) nature was noted to exceed the maximum permissible and approximately permissible concentrations. It has been established that if the incomplete disposal of the former chemically hazardous facilities of the Ministry of Defense and land reclamation is concerned, the environment may contain toxic and highly toxic substances in concentrations exceeding the established standards. This circumstance determines the potential danger of decommissioned, but not properly disposed former military facilities for the environment, as well as for the local population. The experience gained during the practical activities made it possible to make the necessary additions and changes to the final version of the draft document on ensuring environmental and hygienic safety of the areas where the silo launchers were placed after their decommissioning and land reclamation.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.