<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2017-96-9-844-848</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-908</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выявление путей поступления трития в пресноводные организмы при эксплуатации горно-химического комбината</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Detection of pathway of tritium entry into freshwater organisms in the exploitation of the mining and chemical combine</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лащенова</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lashchenova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарева</surname><given-names>Лидия Георгиевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondareva</surname><given-names>Lydia G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ст. науч. сотр. отд. аналитических методов контроля ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, канд. хим. наук, доцент ВАК, ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана», 141014, Мытищи.</p><p>e-mail: lydiabondareva@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, associate professor,  senior researcher of the department of analytical methods of the F.F. Erisman Federal Center of Hygiene, Mytischi, 141014, Moscow region, Russian Federation. </p><p>e-mail: lydiabondareva@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lydiabondareva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фёдорова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракитский</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakitsky</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации - Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» ФМБА России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>F.F. Erisman Federal Center of Hygiene</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>96</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>844</fpage><lpage>848</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лащенова Т.Н., Бондарева Л.Г., Фёдорова Н.Е., Ракитский В.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лащенова Т.Н., Бондарева Л.Г., Фёдорова Н.Е., Ракитский В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lashchenova T.N., Bondareva L.G., Fedorova N.E., Rakitsky V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/908">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/908</self-uri><abstract><p>Потенциальными источниками поступления трития в экосистему р. Енисей являются глобальное загрязнение окружающей среды и деятельность Горно-химического комбината ГК Росатом. Изучалось распределение трития в органах пресноводной лучепёрой рыбы Carassius gibelio (серебряный карась) как растениеядного рода карасей семейства карповых для определения процессов накопления 3Н по пищевой цепи водные растения — рыбы в среде загрязнённых радионуклидами водных объектов. На первом этапе была проведена работа по аккумуляции трития биомассой растений-гидробионтов. Для этого по 3000 г биомассы в пересчёте на сырую массу разместили в аквариумах объемом 100 л с удельной активностью воды 100 кБк/л. В работе показано, что упомянутые водные растения активно аккумулируют внесённый тритий, накапливая до 70% радионуклида. При этом содержание органически связанного трития в биомассе увеличилась до 21% от всего накопившегося трития. Затем растения (роголистник, ряска) высушивали, смешивали с сухим кормом для рыб (1:1), а смесь прессовали в гранулы активностью каждая до 50 Бк. Гранулы использовали для насильственного кормления рыб; в ходе эксперимента каждая особь в течение 550 сут поглотила до 330 кБк радионуклида трития. Исследования показали, что в мышечной ткани рыб присутствовало около 75% от всего накопленного количества трития. При определении содержания трития в белках и липидах в экспериментальных системах не выявлено особенностей в использовании роголистника и ряски как источника питания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The global pollution of the environment and the functioning of the Mining and Chemical Combine (MCC), Rosatom State Corporation are potential sources of tritium in the Yenisei River ecosystem. The distribution of residual tritium in organs and tissues of the freshwater rayfinned fish Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp) as a representative of the Carassius phytophagous genus of Cyprinidae family was studied for the determination of the 3Н accumulation in the aquatic plants-fishes food chain in water bodies contaminated with radionuclides. At the first stage, the work was done on the accumulation of tritium by the biomass of hydrobiont plants. To do this, 3000 g of biomass in terms of wet weight were placed in aquaria with a volume of 100 liters with specific water activity of 100 kBq/l. The work shows mentioned aquatic plants to accumulate actively the introduced tritium, storing up to 70% of the radionuclide. At the same time, the content of organically bound tritium in biomass increased to 21% of total accumulated tritium. Then the plants (hornwort, duckweed) were dried, mixed with dry fish food (1: 1), and the mixture was compressed into pellets, each with activity up to 50 Bq. The pellets were used for forcible feeding of fish, during the experiment, each individual absorbed up to 330 kBq of tritium radionuclide for 550 days. Studies have shown about 75% of the total accumulated amount of tritium in fish specimens to present in muscle tissue. When determining the content of tritium in proteins and lipids in experimental systems, no specific features have been revealed in the use of Ceratophyllum and Lemna as a source of nutrition.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тритий</kwd><kwd>рыба</kwd><kwd>река Енисей</kwd><kwd>ассимиляция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tritium</kwd><kwd>fish</kwd><kwd>Yenisei River</kwd><kwd>assimilation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Environmental Isotope Data: World Survey of Isotope Concentration in Precipitation. Vienna: IAEA; 1979</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Environmental Isotope Data: World Survey of Isotope Concentration in Precipitation. Vienna: IAEA; 1979.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Катрич И.Ю. Мониторинг трития в природных водах СССР (России): Автореф. дисс. ... д-ра геогр. наук. Обнинск; 2009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katrich I.Yu. Tritium monitoring in natural waters of the USSR (Russia): Diss. Obninsk; 2009. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNSCEAR Document A/AC.82/R.360: Contamination from Nuclear Explosions. UNSCEAR; 1979.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UNSCEAR Document A/AC.82/R.360: Contamination from Nuclear Explosions. UNSCEAR; 1979.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Tritium Systems Test Assembly at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Security, Benefits LANL, NNSA &amp; National Security, DOE. Los Alamos; 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Tritium Systems Test Assembly at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Security, Benefits LANL, NNSA &amp; National Security, DOE. Los Alamos; 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report and Advice on the Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standard for Tritium. Toronto: Ontario Drinking Water Advisory Council; 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report and Advice on the Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standard for Tritium. Toronto: Ontario Drinking Water Advisory Council; 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park J.W., Lanier T.C. Processing of surimi and surimi seafood. In: Martin R.E., ed. Marine Freshwater Products Handbook. Lancaster: Technomic, 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park J.W., Lanier T.C. Processing of surimi and surimi seafood. In: Martin R.E., ed. Marine Freshwater Products Handbook. Lancaster: Technomic, 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benedict B.C., Bradshaw C. Bioaccumulation of tritiated water in phytoplankton and trophic transfer of organically bound tritium to the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. J. Environ. Radioact. 2013; 115: 28-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benedict B.C., Bradshaw C. Bioaccumulation of tritiated water in phytoplankton and trophic transfer of organically bound tritium to the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. J. Environ. Radioact. 2013; 115: 28–33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis P., Galeriu D. Environmental Radioactivity and Ecotoxicology of Radioactive Substances. Berlin: Springer; 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis P., Galeriu D. Environmental Radioactivity and Ecotoxicology of Radioactive Substances. Berlin: Springer; 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galeriu D. Tritium. Radionuclides in the Environment. West Sussex: John Wiley&amp; Sons Ltd.; 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galeriu D. Tritium. Radionuclides in the Environment. West Sussex: John Wiley&amp; Sons Ltd.; 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galeriu D., Melintescu A. Tritium in Radionuclides in the Environment. West Sussex: John Wiley&amp; Sons Ltd.; 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galeriu D., Melintescu A. Tritium in Radionuclides in the Environment. West Sussex: John Wiley&amp; Sons Ltd.; 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galeriu D., Heling R., Melintescu A. The dynamics of tritium - including OBT - in the aquatic food chain. Fusion Sci. Technol. 2005; 48: 779-82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galeriu D., Heling R., Melintescu A. The dynamics of tritium – including OBT – in the aquatic food chain. Fusion Sci. Technol. 2005; 48: 779–82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim S.B., Shultz C., Stuart M., McNamara E., Festarini A., Bureau D.P. Organically bound tritium (OBT) formation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): HTO and OBT-spiked food exposure experiments. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2013; 72: 114-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim S.B., Shultz C., Stuart M., McNamara E., Festarini A., Bureau D.P. Organically bound tritium (OBT) formation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): HTO and OBT-spiked food exposure experiments. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2013; 72: 114–22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konig L.A. Tritium in the food chain. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry. 1990; (2): 77-86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konig L.A. Tritium in the food chain. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry. 1990; (2): 77–86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bondareva L. Natural Occurrence of Tritium in the Ecosystem of the Yenisei River. Fusion Sci. Technol. 2011; (4): 1304-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondareva L. Natural Occurrence of Tritium in the Ecosystem of the Yenisei River. Fusion Sci. Technol. 2011; (4): 1304–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bondareva L., Zeer G., Gerasimov V., Zhizaev A. Technogenic pollution and its migration in the water flow of the Yenisei River. River Systems. 2013; (3-4): 149-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondareva L., Zeer G., Gerasimov V., Zhizaev A. Technogenic pollution and its migration in the water flow of the Yenisei River. River Systems. 2013; (3-4): 149–56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolsunovsky A.Ya., Bondareva L.G. Tritium in surface waters of the Yenisei River basin. J. Environ. Radioact. 2003; 66: 285-94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolsunovsky A.Ya., Bondareva L.G. Tritium in surface waters of the Yenisei River basin. J. Environ. Radioact. 2003; 66: 285–94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bondareva L.G. Tritium Content of Some Components of the Middle Yenisei Ecosystem. Radiochemistry. 2015; (5): 557-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondareva L.G. Tritium Content of Some Components of the Middle Yenisei Ecosystem. Radiochemistry. 2015; (5): 557–63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зуев И.В., Семёнова Е.М., Шулепина С.П., Резник К.А., Трофимова Е.А., Шадрин Е.Н. и др. Питание хариуса Thymallus Sp. в среднем течении р. Енисей. Журнал Сибирского федерального университета. Серия: Биология. 2011; 4(3): 281-92</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuev I.V., Semenova E.M., Shulepina S.P., Reznik K.A., Trofimova E.A., Shadrin E.N., et al. Feeding Composition of Grayling Thymallus Sp. in the Middle Reach of the Yenisei River. Zhurnal Sibirskogo federal'nogo universiteta. Seriya: Biologiya. 2011; 4(3): 281–92. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
