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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2017-96-10-949-955</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-928</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменение микробных сообществ в первичных почвах и грунтах в районе антарктической станции «Мирный» при антропогенном влиянии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Changes in microbial communities in primary soil and ground under the anthropogenic influence on the territory around Antarctic station "Mirny"</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-2485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирцидели</surname><given-names>Ирина Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirtsideli</surname><given-names>Irina Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. отдела микологии Ботанического института им. В.Л. Комарова РАН, 197376, Санкт-Петербург.</p><p>e-mail: microfungi@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., leading researcher of the mycology department of Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: microfungi@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">microfungi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-0150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тешебаев</surname><given-names>Ш. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teshebaev</surname><given-names>Sh. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0455-1462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8875-2263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новожилов</surname><given-names>Ю. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novozhilov</surname><given-names>Yu. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-9018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абакумов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abakumov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4800-3345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранцевич</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barantsevich</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7103-3091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крыленков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylenkov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3588-8583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленская</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelenskaya</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова Российской академии наук»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Арктический и Антарктический научно-исследовательский институт»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова Российской академии наук»; ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Северо-Западный федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov Northwestern Federal Medical Research Center</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>96</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>949</fpage><lpage>955</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кирцидели И.Ю., Тешебаев Ш.Б., Власов Д.Ю., Новожилов Ю.К., Абакумов Е.В., Баранцевич Е.П., Крыленков В.А., Зеленская М.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кирцидели И.Ю., Тешебаев Ш.Б., Власов Д.Ю., Новожилов Ю.К., Абакумов Е.В., Баранцевич Е.П., Крыленков В.А., Зеленская М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirtsideli I.Y., Teshebaev S.B., Vlasov D.Y., Novozhilov Y.K., Abakumov E.V., Barantsevich E.P., Krylenkov V.A., Zelenskaya M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/928">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/928</self-uri><abstract><p>Антарктическая станция «Мирный» — первая российская (советская) антарктическая станция, и антропогенное влияние на «первичные» почвы и каменистые грунты в этом районе оказывается на протяжении более 60 лет. Это отражается как на химическом составе почв, так и на сообществах микроорганизмов. В статье показано многократное (резкое) увеличение численности бактерий и микроскопических грибов в антропогенно загрязненных почвах. Загрязнение почвы изменяет структуру сообществ микроорганизмов. Увеличивается доля изолятов мезофильных бактерий (90%). Увеличивается доля спор и уменьшается доля мицелия микроскопических грибов. Статистический анализ показал, что авторами этой статьи были выявлены практически все ожидаемые виды, обитающие на антропогенных субстратах (42 вида), а также в контрольных почвах (17 видов). В меньшей степени был выявлен видовой состав грибов в загрязненных почвах (32 вида). Доказано, что увеличение числа видов грибов в районе полярной станции происходило под влиянием человека, прежде всего, за счёт интродукции новых видов. Установлено, что аборигенные виды микроскопических грибов осваивали новые материалы, ранее недоступные им, и переходили к активной биодеструкции антропогенных материалов. Среди микромицетов, выявленных в антропогенно загрязнённых почвах и на антропогенных субстратах, более 80% могут быть отнесены к условным патогенам. Таким образом, индикатором изменений комплексов микроорганизмов в грунтах и первичных почвах может быть общее число микроорганизмов (КОЕ), структура микробных комплексов, видовой состав сообществ, индикаторные виды, структура биомассы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Antarctic station “Mirny” was the first Russian (Soviet) polar station in Antarctica. The anthropogenic impact on the primary ground and soil in the area around of this polar station took place more than 60 years. This is reflected in both the chemical composition of the soil and microbial communities. The article shows multiple increasing of the number of bacteria and microscopic fungi in anthropogenic contaminated soils. Contamination of soil leads to changes of the structure of the microbial community. An increasing proportion of mesophilic bacteria isolates (90%) was shown. The increasing share spores and reduced the proportion of microscopic fungi mycelia were observed. Statistical analysis showed that we have identified almost all of the expected species that live in anthropogenic substrates (42 species), as well as in the control soils (17 species). But we identified only a part of fungal diversity in contaminated soils (32 species). The increase in the number of fungal species in the area of the polar station “Mirny” was proved to be connected with the human activity and introduction of new species. Native species of microscopic fungi were found to be able to colonize new materials previously unavailable to them. They also can be agents of active biodegradation of anthropogenic materials. Among fungal species isolated from anthropogenic contaminated soil and anthropogenic substrates more than 80% can be attributed to opportunistic organisms. Therefore the total number of microorganisms (CFU), the structure of the microbial complexes, the species composition of communities, indicator species, morphology and volume of biomass can be considered as an index of changes in soil microbial complexes and primary soils</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Антарктида</kwd><kwd>антропогенное влияние</kwd><kwd>антропогенные субстраты</kwd><kwd>микобиота</kwd><kwd>микробные сообщества</kwd><kwd>почва</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Antarctic</kwd><kwd>anthropogenic influence</kwd><kwd>anthropogenic substrates</kwd><kwd>microbial communities</kwd><kwd>mycobiota</kwd><kwd>soil</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilichinsky D. Permafrost as a microbial habitat. In: Bitton G. Encyclopaedia of Environmental Microbiology. 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