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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2018-97-10-899-904</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-990</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гигиенические аспекты условий труда в современном производстве алюминия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygienic aspects of working conditions in the modern production of aluminum</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8740-3133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаяхметов</surname><given-names>Салим Файзыевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shayakhmetov</surname><given-names>Salim F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф., вед. науч. сотр. лаб. аналитической экотоксикологии и биомониторинга, ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований.</p><p>e-mail: salimf53@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., professor, leading researcher of the laboratory of analytical ecotoxicology and biomonitoring of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: salimf53@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">salimf53@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-0199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мещакова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshchakova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0876-2304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисецкая</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisetskaya</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7848-6432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меринов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merinov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-6408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журба</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhurba</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-5304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеенко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseyenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-1550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рукавишников</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rukavishnikov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>97</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>899</fpage><lpage>904</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаяхметов С.Ф., Мещакова Н.М., Лисецкая Л.Г., Меринов А.В., Журба О.М., Алексеенко А.Н., Рукавишников В.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаяхметов С.Ф., Мещакова Н.М., Лисецкая Л.Г., Меринов А.В., Журба О.М., Алексеенко А.Н., Рукавишников В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shayakhmetov S.F., Meshchakova N.M., Lisetskaya L.G., Merinov A.V., Zhurba O.M., Alekseyenko A.N., Rukavishnikov V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/990">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/990</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Получение первичного алюминия является одним из ведущих отраслей промышленности и относится к категории повышенной опасности для здоровья работников подразделений экономики, что требует пристального внимания к условиям труда при модернизации технологии производства.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Методика исследований включала комплексное изучение условий труда и оценку приоритетных факторов профессионального риска, углублённое изучение морфологии, дисперсного и компонентного состава взвешенных в воздухе пылегазовых компонентов при разных технологиях электролиза алюминия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Ведущими производственными факторами профессионального риска являются фторсодержащие соединения, пылегазоаэрозольные смеси в виде отдельных и собранных в агломераты микро- и наноструктурированых частиц сложного химического состава (фтор, углерод, алюминий, натрий, кислород, кремний, железо, сера, хром, никель и др.), неблагоприятный микроклимат, электромагнитное поле, шум, вибрация, физические нагрузки, которые относятся к 3 (вредному) классу 1–3 степени.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Модернизация производства алюминия с внедрением технологии предварительно обожжённых анодов позволяет значительно улучшить условия труда, снизить поступление в воздух рабочей зоны вредных химических веществ, за исключением гидрофторида, концентрации которого превышают ПДК в 1,5–3,1 раза. Примечателен факт обнаружения в воздухе аэрозолей дезинтеграции и конденсации, включающих частицы наноразмерного диапазона, примеси тяжёлых металлов. Последствия влияния таких сложных комбинированных смесей, их сочетанного действия с другими факторами на организм могут иметь выраженные негативные эффекты, что представляется важным при адекватном анализе экспозиции и персонализированной оценке риска для здоровья работников, занятых в производстве алюминия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Условия труда на рабочих местах при технологии самообжигающихся анодов характеризуются средним или высоким профессиональным риском, при технологии предварительно обожжённых анодов — малым или средним риском, что делает актуальной проблему дальнейшего совершенствования технологий производства алюминия, проведения детального анализа персональной экспозиции вредных веществ для корректной оценки риска здоровью работников.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The production of primary aluminum is one of the leading and belonging to the category of an increased health hazard for workers in the economy, which requires close attention to working conditions while modernizing production technology.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The research methodology included a comprehensive study of working conditions and assessment of priority occupational risk factors, an in-depth study of the morphology, dispersed and component composition of dust and gas components air-suspended at different technologies of electrolysis of aluminum.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The leading production factors of occupational risk, degrees are fluorine-containing compounds, dust and gas-aerosol mixtures in the form of separate and assembled into agglomerates micro- and nanostructured particles of complex chemical composition (fluorine, carbon, aluminum, sodium, oxygen, silicon, iron, sulfur, chromium, nickel, etc.), unfavorable microclimate, electromagnetic field, noise, vibration, physical loads, which are related to the 3rd (harmful) class of 1 to 3 degree.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Modernization of aluminum production with the introduction of technology of pre-baked anodes allows significantly improve working conditions, reduce the admission of harmful chemical substances into the air of the working area, with the exception of hydrofluoride, the concentration of which exceeds extremely permissible levels in 1.5-3.1 times. Noteworthy is the fact of the detection of aerosols of disintegration and condensation, including particles of nanoscale range, impurities of heavy metals in the air. The consequences of the effect of such complex combination mixtures, their combined effects with other factors on the body, can have pronounced negative effects, which is important with adequate exposure analysis and personalized assessment of the health risks of workers engaged in the production of aluminum.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Working conditions at workplaces with the technology of self-baking anodes are characterized by moderate or severe professional risk, with the technology of pre-baked anodes — mild or moderate risk, which makes the urgent problem of further improvement of aluminum production technologies, detailed analysis of personal exposures of harmful substances for a correct assessment of the health risk of workers, is relevant.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>производство алюминия</kwd><kwd>гигиеническая оценка условий труда</kwd><kwd>пылегазовый аэрозоль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aluminum production</kwd><kwd>hygienic assessment of working conditions</kwd><kwd>dust and gas-aerosol</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чеботарев А.Г., Прохоров В.А. 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