Профессиональные факторы риска и старение человека (обзор литературы)

Вследствие увеличения средней продолжительности жизни и снижения рождаемости в настоящее время в мире значительно увеличивается абсолютное и относительное количество стареющего населения.
Предполагается, что оценка биологического и функционального старения отражает текущие изменения в организме человека, внутреннюю дегенерацию организма и его способность реагировать на различные стрессоры (то есть факторы генетические, профессиональные и факторы окружающей среды). Длительность профессионального стажа является ведущим фактором и индикатором риска ускоренного старения организма. За последние годы проведено множество исследований зависимости темпа старения от профессионально обусловленных вредных факторов физической и химической природы, однако на сегодняшний день практически отсутствуют обзорные работы, очерчивающие круг этих воздействий и их эффекты на старение человека. В данном исследовании обобщены основные профессиональные нервно-психические, физические и химические факторы риска, вызывающие ускоренное старение человека. Также кратко представлены механизмы влияния нарушений циркадного ритма, аллостатической нагрузки, теплового стресса, локальной вибрации, химических веществ и взвешенных наночастиц (мелкодисперсной пыли) на скорость старения организма, увеличение риска развития болезни Альцгеймера, уменьшение длины теломер и эпигенетические изменения, а также возможные взаимодействия между описанными механизмами. При анализе биомаркеров биологического возраста выявлено ускорение старения у работников сельскохозяйственных и промышленных отраслей, педагогов и сотрудников правоохранительных органов.

Участие авторов:

Каримов Д.Д. — концепция и дизайн обзора, сбор и обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи;

Эрдман В.В. — концепция и дизайн обзора, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи;

Кудояров Э.Р. — сбор и обработка данных, написание текста;

Валова Я.В., Смолянкин Д.А. — сбор и обработка данных;

Репина Э.Ф. — редактирование; 

Каримов Д.О. — редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта.

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Поступила: 30.08.2021 / Принята к печати: 12.04.2022 / Опубликована: 30.04.2022

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