Пандемия COVID-19 и загрязнение окружающей среды (обзор литературы)

Цель работы — провести обзор и анализ литературы о влиянии пандемии COVID-19 на окружающую среду и о влиянии окружающей среды на распространение SARS-CoV-2.

Поиск литературы проведён по базам данных MedLine, PubMed и eLIBRARY.

Благодаря мерам по борьбе с пандемией COVID-19 в мире произошёл резкий спад экономической активности, что в свою очередь привело к улучшению качества воздуха и воды и способствовало глобальному сокращению выбросов парниковых газов, но это улучшение было кратковременным. Одновременно увеличилось количество пластиковых медицинских отходов, таких как использованные средства общественной и индивидуальной защиты от COVID-19, и, как следствие, возникла проблема их утилизации. Это привело к загрязнению физических пространств воды и земли и создало угрозу заражения населения. С помощью концентрирования РНК SARS-CoV-2 из сточных вод городов и последующего подсчёта вирусных РНК количественной полимеразной цепной реакцией обратной транскриптазы провели раннее определение COVID-19 методом моделирования в конкретных популяциях. Наличие РНК SARS-CoV-2 в сточных водах является потенциальным риском для здоровья населения. Высокий уровень загрязнения окружающей среды (длительное воздействие производных горения ископаемого топлива) и метеорологические параметры (ионизирующее и ультрафиолетовое излучения), а также сигаретный дым считают дополнительными факторами, увеличивающими распространение и летальность при COVID-19.

Жизнеспособность SARS-CoV-2 зависит от водных и наземных параметров окружающей среды.

Участие авторов:
Сизова Е.Н. — сбор данных литературы, написание текста, редактирование;
Шмакова Л.Н. — редактирование;
Видякина Е.В. — сбор данных литературы.
Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Поступила: 04.05.2022 / Принята к печати: 04.08.2022 / Опубликована: 30.09.2022

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