Роль продуктов питания в повышении устойчивости организма к действию наночастиц (обзор литературы)

Многолетние научные исследования ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора показали, что в качестве встречного пути медико-биологической профилактики рассматривается возможность повышения резистентности организма (особенно в группах риска) к потенциально опасным уровням вредной экспозиции. В результате этих исследований были разработаны биопрофилактические комплексы, содержащие витаминно-минеральные компоненты. Важной закономерностью, выявленной в проведённых исследованиях, является то, что комплексное применение биопрофилактических средств с не полностью совпадающей направленностью и разными механизмами действия даёт более выраженный профилактический эффект, чем отдельные биопротекторы. В большом числе экспериментов команда ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора с успехом испытала способы повышения устойчивости организма к ряду вредных веществ: минеральные пыли (диоксид кремния, асбест, монацит), соли и оксиды свинца, мышьяка, хрома, марганца, фтора, ванадия, никеля, органические вещества (фенол, формальдегид, бенз(а)пирен), различные комбинации металлов и их соединений, в том числе и наночастиц (Pb и Cd; Pb и F; Pb, As, Cu, Cd; Pb, Cr, As, Cd; Pb, Cr, Se, As, Ni; Mn, Al, Ti, Si и др.), характерных для окружающей среды в конкретных городах или для воздуха рабочих помещений конкретных производств. Авторы утверждают, что опыт исследователей ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора в этой области уникален и что некоторые результаты были получены впервые, особенно в отношении наночастиц. Вместе с тем роль натуральных пищевых компонентов в повышении устойчивости организма к негативному действию наночастиц изучена недостаточно. Эта статья представляет собой обзор публикаций в различных журналах других исследователей, изучающих применение натуральных компонентов для повышения устойчивости организма к вредному действию наночастиц.

Цель исследования – провести обзор литературы о способности натуральных пищевых компонентов повышать устойчивость организма к действию наночастиц (НЧ) для дальнейшего углубления теоретических и методических основ системы биологической профилактики.

Выполнен научный обзор исследований на русском и английском языках с использованием информационных порталов и платформ PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary, CyberLeninka, Scopus за период 2014–2023 гг. Поиск проводили по ключевым словам: «добавки», «наночастицы», «токсичность», «повышение устойчивости». Были включены оригинальные исследования. Отбор статей осуществляли по принципу наличия в них сведений о способности натуральных пищевых добавок снижать негативные эффекты интоксикации наночастицами (от 1 до 100 нм). После первичного анализа более 200 выявленных статей было отобрано 60 полнотекстовых материалов, из них более 60% было подготовлено исследовательскими коллективами из Египта.

Показана возможность применения натуральных пищевых компонентов для повышения устойчивости живых организмов к негативному действию НЧ. Для этих целей предлагается использовать специи и части растений (куркуму, семена рукколы, водоросли), каротиноиды (β-каротин, ликопин, кроцин), растительные экстракты (экстракт гинкго двулопастного, цикория, коры китайской корицы, зелёного чая, граната и др.), эфирные масла (чабреца, корицы, базилика и др.), соки (свёклы, граната) и флавоноиды. Упомянутые вещества снижали выраженность нейро-, кардио-, репро-, нефро- и гепатотоксических эффектов НЧ.

Заключение. Представленный обзор литературы позволяет выявить наиболее эффективные способы повышения устойчивости живого организма к действию НЧ с помощью натуральных компонентов пищи.

Участие авторов:
Рябова Ю.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование;
Шабардина Л.В. – сбор и обработка материала, написание текста;
Минигалиева И.А. – научное редактирование статьи;
Сутункова М.П. – научное консультирование.
Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Поступила: 22.05.2023 / Поступила после доработки: 24.05.2024 / Принята к печати: 2024 / Опубликована: 31.07.2024

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