Balance of glutathione-related processes in alveolar macrophages under exposure to suspended particulate matter of atmospheric air in of Wistar rats

Introduction. Air suspended particulate matter (SPM) directly influence on the human respiratory system. Dispersion is one of the characteristics of SPM determining their pathogenicity. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) produce reactive oxygen species in response to an exposure that may lead to oxidative stress.

The aim of the study. To assess the contribution of the glutathione antioxidant system to the protection of AMs from oxidative stress induced by air SPMs in Vladivostok’s districts with various man-made loads.

Material and methods. AMs were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage of 17 Wistar rats. AMs were exposed by model suspensions (MS) for 2 days. MSs were identical air composition of Vladivostok’s districts with insignificant (MS № 1) and high (MS № 2) technogenic load. MS № 1 contained 22% of particles with a diameter of less than 10 µm. MS № 2 contained 70% of particles with a diameter smaller than 10 μm. The levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione and total antioxidant activity in cell culture and culture fluid were determined.

Results. The gain in the proportion of fine and ultrafine particles in MS № 2 has been established to lead to an increase in lipid peroxidation in AMs and a compensatory elevation in the antioxidant activity. The elevation of oxidized glutathione concentration in cell culture indicates the intensification of hydroperoxide detoxification by AMs. The reduction of reduced glutathione exocytosis supports intracellular antioxidant processes.

Conclusion. An increase in the fraction of fine and ultrafine particles in the air appears to shift AM redox balance towards oxidative stress, contributing to the formation and the progression of pathological disorders.

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