Токсиколого-гигиеническая характеристика микотоксина стеригматоцистина и методы его определения в пищевых продуктах

В обзоре, основанном на анализе литературы и данных собственных исследований, дана токсиколого-гигиеническая характеристика стеригматоцистина (СТЦ). Этот микотоксин продуцируют микроскопические грибы видов Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Chaetomium, Emiricella, и является природным загрязнителем продовольственного зерна, пищевых продуктов (хлеба, сыров, специй, кофе, БАД к пище) и кормов. СТЦ являясь биогенным предшественником афлатоксина В1, имеет подобную химическую структуру, но его токсичность в десятки раз ниже. Однако совместное накопление этих токсинов является редким явлением. A. versicolor и A. nidulans не способны синтезировать ферменты, необходимые для трансформации СТЦ в афлатоксины, в то время как A. flavus и A. parasiticus обладают такой способностью. СТЦ отнесен Международным агентством по изучению рака (МАИР) к классу 2В (возможный канцероген для человека). Органом мишенью для СТЦ и афлатоксинов является печень. СТЦ обладает мутагенными, токсическими и тератогенными свойствами. Обобщены последние собственные и международные данные по распространенности СТЦ и аналитических методах его определения. Дана гигиеническая оценка значимости СТЦ как приоритетного загрязнителя. Также представлена информация об оценке поступления СТЦ с различными видами пищевых продуктов в некоторых странах мира, обсуждаются имеющиеся данные об установленных гигиенических регламентах его содержания в пищевых продуктах и кормах. Тем не менее, объем накопленных данных о частоте и уровнях загрязнения СТЦ пищевой продукции не достаточен и для установления гигиенических регламентов в приоритетных видах продукции требуются дополнительные систематические исследования. Поиск проведён по базам данных Web of Science, PubMed, E-library, CyberLeninka.

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