Features of nutrition the in first-graders of various generations on weekends

Introduction. Nutrition is an important component of human life, as it provides the basic vital functions of the body.

The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the structure of nutrition of first-graders of different generations on weekends in dynamics (2014, 2024).

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in ten general education institutions (total n = 400 children): in September 2014 and 2024. The object of the study is first-graders aged 7 years, living in single-industry towns in the south of Kuzbass. At home, the children’s nutrition was studied using the 24-hour (daily) reproduction of nutrition method.

Results. When studying the food set consumed by children, the level of food consumption in dynamics was found to vary greatly in comparison with the recommended norms. In the weekend diets in schoolchildren, a lack of fish and seafood; meat, milk and fermented milk products; cottage cheese, hard cheeses, vegetable oil was found. The average daily diets are unbalanced. The energy value of food rations is on average within the range of standardized values. The average daily rations of schoolchildren both in 2014 and 2024 (1:1.3:4.7 and 1:1.2:4.5) were not balanced in terms of the ratio of basic macronutrients. In the rations of schoolchildren on weekends, the fat model of nutrition prevailed.

Limitations. The study is limited to a sample of a group of schoolchildren of different generations studying in the first grades.

Conclusion. The analysis of actual nutrition in dynamics revealed the relevance of studying the causes leading to violations in the management of children’s nutrition at home, which makes it possible to predict and structure the mistakes of parents with their subsequent consultation on issues of proper nutrition.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases” (Protocol of the Meeting No. 4 §1 dated November 18, 2021), conducted in accordance with the generally accepted scientific principles of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (2013 edition). All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.

Contribution:
Tapeshkina N.V. – the concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing;
Goryacheva O.V., Povarnitsina N.V. – collection of material;
Matveeva O.V., Blazhina O.N. – data processing.
All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: April 21, 2025 / Revised: May 22, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025

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