Association between FTO (rs9939609) and VDR (rs2228570) gene polymorphisms and anthropometric and dental indicators in children living in northern regions of the Russian Federation as a basis for bioprophylaxis

Introduction. Due to the insufficient consideration of regional characteristics in current regulations, the study of polymorphisms of the VDR and FTO genes (vitamin D metabolism and fat metabolism) is relevant for the development of personalized bioprophylaxis in children in the North.

Materials and methods. The study enrolled one hundred fifty five children aged of 5–11 years living in Khanty-Mansiysk. Their examination included height and weight measurements taken to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and assessment of the dental health status using the DMFT index that determines the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth, taking into account signs of enamel hypoplasia. Polymorphisms of the FTO (rs9939609) and VDR (rs2228570) genes were determined using real-time PCR. To evaluate associations, we used allelic, dominant, recessive, and codominant models. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.

Results. We found no significant associations between FTO and VDR gene polymorphisms and BMI. However, within the dominant model for the FTO gene, we observed a trend toward higher BMI values in carriers of the TA and AA genotypes (p=0.055). At the same time, a positive correlation was established between the presence of the G allele of the VDR gene (rs2228570) and poor dental health status, as assessed by the combined index.

Limitations. This study is limited by its cross-sectional design, both sample size and regional affiliation, and the analysis of two gene polymorphisms irrespective of the full range of genetic and environmental factors.

Conclusion. Significant associations between FTO and VDR gene polymorphisms and clinical parameters were identified in children in the northern region of Russia. The G allele of the VDR gene (rs2228570) is a risk factor for dental caries. The obtained results serve as a basis for the development of personalized bioprophylaxis.

Compliance with ethical standards. This study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (Protocol № 3a from June 12, 2023). All legal representatives of the minor participants provided informed, voluntary written consent to participate in the study.

Contribution:
Bateneva V.A. – data collection and processing, draft manuscript preparation;
Sutunkova M.P. – study conception and design, scientific consulting and editing;
Shabardina L.V., Shaikhova D.R., Kikot A.M., Nikogosyan K.M., Soloboewa Yu.I. – data collection and processing;
Maizel S.G. – study conception.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: March 10, 2026 / Revised: April 10, 2026 / Accepted: May 20, 2026 / Published: June 18, 2026

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