Comparative analysis of the prevalence in the population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra in areas with various intensity of oil production

Introduction. The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (KhMAO-Yugra) is the main oil-producing region of Russia. The impact of oil production factors on the health in the population living in these territories remains an urgent problem.

Objective is to compare the rates of prevalence and incidence in the population living in areas with active (group 1) and low oil production (group 2) of KhMAO-Yugra for the period of 2020–2024.

Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted using data from statistical collections “Health of the population of KhMAO-Yugra”. Morbidity rates (per 100,000 population) were analyzed in children (0–14 years) and adults (18 years and older). The territories were divided into two groups based on official data on oil production volumes.

Results. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups. In children from group 1, higher levels of prevalence were recorded for diseases of the blood (p=0.013), circulatory system (p<0.001), and congenital anomalies (p=0.004), as well as higher incidence for congenital anomalies (p=0.022). In adults from group 1, only prevalence of blood diseases was significantly higher (p<0.001). For most other classes (neoplasms, endocrine system diseases, respiratory diseases), higher rates were observed in group 2 (p<0.05). A detailed analysis of the subsoil use structure showed group 2 to include territories with long-term gas production, extraction of solid minerals, and old oil fields, which forms a combined technogenic load.

Limitations of the study are associated with the selection of a single region for assessing morbidity rates, restriction to two age cohorts, and the failure to for factors such as population migration activity, socioeconomic status, occupational hazards (work in the oil and gas industry), smoking, and other behavioral risks, as well as the ability to provide medical care in terms of quality and accessibility.

Conclusion. Residing in areas of active oil production is associated with increased morbidity rates for classes etiologically linked to ecotoxicants, which requires an in-depth study of risk factors.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a biomedical ethics committee report or other relevant documents.

Contributions:
Ibragimova S.Sh. – research concept and design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Ushakova O.V. – research concept and design, text writing, editing;
Evseeva I.S. – data collection and processing, text writing, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Funding. The study was performed within the framework of the state assignment and dissertations.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: April 2, 2026 / Accepted: May 20, 2026 / Published: June 18, 2026

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