Features of professional training at the Military Medical Training Center (narrative literature review)

Training students at medical training centers involves combining two intensive educational programs, which places a high burden on the body and requires scientifically substantiated preventative measures. We analyzed domestic and international sources, including recent dissertations. We searched PubMed, Scopus, MedLine, Global Health, CyberLeninka, and the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) databases. Potential risk factors have been identified. Studying at a higher educational institution is associated with high functional stress, increased rates of chronic illness, and maladjustment. Data on the impact of educational conditions on student health has been systematized. The insufficient effectiveness of existing health-preserving technologies has been noted.

Limitations. The review is limited to available report on the topic and does not include information from classified sources due to restrictions on the dissemination of information about the activities of military departments.

Conclusion. The educational environment at medical training centers presents a complex set of factors that have a multifaceted impact on the body. The conflict between increasing training requirements and deteriorating student health requires a comprehensive approach based on the principles of hygiene and preventive medicine.

Contribution:
Trankovskaya L.V.  – concept and design of the study, editing;
Gusev A.Yu.  – collection of material and data processing, writing the text, editing;
Nagirnaya L.N.  – concept and design of the study, editing;
Kaptsov V.A.  – concept and design of the study.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: December 2, 2025 / Revised: April 23, 2026 / Accepted: June 18, 2026 / Published: July 31, 2026

1. Klimov V.V. Hygienic assessment of the organization of the work process and training of cadets at the stage of obtaining a military profession: Diss. Omsk; 2022. https://elibrary.ru/vyzjgd (in Russian)

2. Ashvic I.V. Hygienic assessment of the health pupils of the closed institutions initial military education (on example of Omsk Cadet Corps): Diss. Omsk; 2007. https://elibrary.ru/utwunz (in Russian)

3. Katunina N.A. Hygienic assessment of the electronic information educational environment of primary school students: Diss. St. Petersburg; 2024. (in Russian)

4. Suvorova A.V. Hygienic justification of the organization of student education using new educational technologies: Diss. St. Petersburg; 2021. (in Russian)

5. Krachko E.A. Psychophysiological criteria for the distribution of cadets of a military aviation educational institution by branches of aviation: Diss. St. Petersburg; 2013. https://elibrary.ru/svemvx (in Russian)

6. Gorbatkova E.Yu. Scientific substantiation of the system of health-preserving measures for students of higher educational institutions: Diss. Ufa; 2022. (in Russian)

7. Trigorliy S.N. Psychophysiological adaptation of students of higher education institutions: Diss. Vladivostok; 2006. https://elibrary.ru/nqogdh (in Russian)

8. Pozdeeva A.N. Medical and social problems of health and lifestyle of medical university students: Diss. Nizhnii Novgorod; 2024. (in Russian)

9. Onishchenko G.G., Zhukova T.V., Gorbacheva N.A., Latyshevskaya N.I., Vasilieva T.P., Belik S.N., et al. Lifestyle factors in risks of chronic non-communicable diseases in young people (literature meta-analysis). Health Risk Analysis. 2024; (4): 187–202. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2024.4.16.eng https://elibrary.ru/gdpveo

10. Languyev K.A. Ensuring hygienic safety of students of general education organizations in the digital environment: Diss. Nizhnii Novgorod; 2024. https://elibrary.ru/qevqof (in Russian)

11. Klimov V.V., Kalinina S.A. Comprehensive hygienic assessment of training conditions in the military institute. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya. 2020; 60(11): 788–90. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-11-788-790 https://elibrary.ru/sihynj (in Russian)

12. Zhukova T.V., Kovalev E.V., Gorbacheva N.A., Belik S.N., Suleimanov A.Sh. Monitoring the level of physical condition of students. Sborniki konferentsii NITS Sotsiosfera. 2016; (56): 24–7. https://elibrary.ru/xcrvht (in Russian)

13. Budko D.Yu. Dynamics and features of psychological adaptation of cadets of a military medical university during the learning process: Diss. St. Petersburg; 2009. https://elibrary.ru/qeosmf (in Russian)

14. Tsvigailo M.A. Military-professional adaptation of cadets with different categories of professional psychological selection to the conditions of training at the Military Aviation Institute of Radioelectronics: Diss. Saratov; 2010. https://elibrary.ru/qgvkjh (in Russian)

15. Gabueva F.A. Psychophysiological forecasting of military-professional adaptation of female military personnel: Diss. St. Petersburg; 2018. https://elibrary.ru/sehire (in Russian)

16. Budanova E.I., Bogomolov A.V. Description of the life quality of contracted servicemen. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2016; 95(7): 627–32. https://elibrary.ru/whpwot (in Russian)

17. Izergin N.D., Izergina O.N., Grishin I.I., Latyshonok M.B. Features of mental health and psycho prophylaxis of military from the Russian Ministry of Defense. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologii. Elektronnoe izdanie. 2016; (4): 215–21. https://elibrary.ru/xgrqtd (in Russian)

18. Kartoeva M.K. Formation of professionally important qualities for medical students. In: Actual Problems of Personal and Professional Development of a Teacher: Challenges, Trends and Prospects: Materials of the All-Russian Forum Dedicated to the Year of the Teacher and Mentor. Part 1 [Aktual’nye problemy lichnostno-professional’nogo stanovleniya pedagoga: vyzovy, tendentsii i perspektivy: Materialy Vserossiiskogo foruma, posvyashchennogo Godu pedagoga i nastavnika. Chast’ 1]. Voronezh; 2023: 175–9. https://elibrary.ru/rwirxn (in Russian)

19. Zapechnikova I.V. Formation of professionally important qualities in cadets of a military aviation university by means of special physical and psychophysiological training: Diss. Moscow; 2016. https://elibrary.ru/zqaogx (in Russian)

20. Kiselev S.V. Hygienic optimization of conditions and training regime for cadets of a specialized school: Diss. Moscow; 2010. https://elibrary.ru/qgsbqh (in Russian)

21. Sáenz C., Boldú E., Canal J. Health promoting universities: A scoping review. Health Promot. J. Austr. 2025; 36(2): e939. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.939

22. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Exposure to Stress: Occupational Hazards in Hospitals. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2008-136. Available at: https://cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2008-136/

23. NATO Standard AMedP-7.6. Commander’s guide on medical support to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) defensive operations. Edition A; Version 1. NATO/OTAN; 2018. Available at: https://coemed.org/files/stanags/03_AMEDP/AMedP-7.6_EDA_V1_E_2873.pdf

24. Lenhart M.K., Bank R.G. Military Preventive Medicine: Mobilizing Medicine for Global Health. Volume 1. Office of the Surgeon General, Borden Institute; 2018.

25. Parsons K. Human Thermal Environments: The Effects of Hot, Moderate, and Cold Environments on Human Health, Comfort, and Performance. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2014: 33–59. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1201/b16750

26. Clark C., Vienneau D., Aasvang G.M. Noise and effects on health and well-being. In: van Kamp I., Woudenberg F., eds. A Sound Approach to Noise and Health. Singapore: Springer; 2025: 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6121-0_4

27. Pheasant S., Haslegrave C.M. Bodyspace: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and the Design of Work. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2018. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315375212

28. Howe E.G. Ethical issues regarding mixed agency of military physicians. Soc. Sci. Med. 2002; 23(8): 803–15.https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(86)90279-0

29. Donnana K.J., Williams E.L., Bargh M.J. The effectiveness of heat preparation and alleviation strategies for cognitive performance: A systematic review. Temperature (Austin). 2023; 10(4): 404–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2022.2157645 https://elibrary.ru/pjaciq

30. Bartone P.T., Roland R.R., Picano J.J., Williams T.J. Psychological hardiness predicts success in US army special forces candidates. Int. J. Sel. Assess. 2008; 16(1): 78–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2389.2008.00412.x