Микроядерный тест на клетках буккального эпителия и культуре крови человека: сравнение эффективности

Для выявления мутагенной опасности различных факторов для человека чаще всего используются тесты по учёту микроядер в культивированных с цитохалазином Б лимфоцитах периферической крови человека и/или в эпителиоцитах слизистой оболочки щеки. Тест на эпителиоцитах неинвазивный и несопоставимо легче в сборе и фиксации материала. Видимо поэтому имеется достаточное количество публикаций результатов метаанализа сравнений этих тестов, в которых доказывается возможность их взаимозамены. Целью настоящей работы является проверка гипотезы о взаимозаменяемости МТ на лимфоцитах и эпителии слизистой оболочки щеки путем сравнения их эффективности (по наличию/отсутствию эффекта). Мы отбирали публикации из массива данных по оценке любых факторов — от заболеваний до производственных и бытовых вредностей, но только тех, в которых у одних и тех же добровольцев брали и кровь для культивирования, и соскоб эпителия щеки. Исследования с отрицательным ответом на обеих тканях по сравнению с контрольной группой были исключены из рассмотрения. Наш анализ показал, что при оценке 30 различных факторов, воздействующих на человека, положительный результат на обеих тканях был получен для 17 факторов, только на лимфоцитах крови человека — для 7 факторов, и только на эпителии щеки — для 6 факторов. Кроме того, помимо указанных сравнений, в цитируемых статьях проявляются особенности каждого метода и проблемы, связанные с интерпретацией результатов, полученных в каждом из них. Для большей надежности выявления мутагенных факторов в генетико-гигиенических исследованиях представляется целесообразным использовать оба теста.

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