Introduction. The danger of water pollution by cyanobacterial toxins (cyanotoxins) is associated not only with anthropogenic contamination of water bodies by biogenic substances (nitrogen, phosphorus) but also with climate change on the planet. The presence of cyanotoxins has been documented in water bodies in Europe, North America, and other countries around the world. In the Russian Federation, cyanotoxins have been found in a number of water bodies, including sources of drinking and domestic water supply.

Materials and methods. A certified reference standard of anatoxin-a in a 1% solution of acetic acid (Standard, Certified), manufactured in the USA, CAS 64285-06-09, was used as the material in the experimental studies. Based on data from elibrary.ru, PubMed, Web of Science, Jstor, Open Access Button, the Russian State Library (RSL), and MedLine, a review of scientific research on the problem of cyanotoxins was conducted. In a chronic experiment, the general toxic effect of anatoxin-a on the organism in white rats under conditions of oral administration was studied. Morphofunctional changes in the internal organs of the animals were examined, as was the embryotoxic effect on the organism in pregnant rats and the teratogenic effect on the offspring. The processing of primary data was carried out using Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics v. 22.0 at α = 0.05. The normality of the data distribution was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the equality of variances was tested using Levene’s test. The presence of a trend in the studies was tested using the Spearman rank correlation method.

Results. A threshold dose of anatoxin-a exposure to the organism in animals under chronic experimental conditions was established. A no-effect dose for embryotoxic and teratogenic effects on the organism of experimental animals and their offspring was determined.

Limitation. The research is limited by the 3-month duration of the chronic experiment.

Conclusion. The anatoxin-a maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in water for domestic drinking and recreational use is recommended at a level of 4.0 µg/L, with a sanitary-toxicological hazard indicator classified as hazard class II. To monitor the content in water, MUK 4.1.4055–24 “Quantitative determination of anatoxin-a in drinking and natural water by enzyme immunoassay” (lower limit of measurement – ​​0.05 µg/L has been developed and approved.

Compliance with ethical standards. A positive opinion was obtained from the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene f the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing (Protocol No. 03/22 dated November 21, 2022).

Contribution:
Sinitsyna O.O. – conceptualization and design of the study, editing;
Pushkareva M.V., Masaltsev G.V. – writing of the manuscript, editing;
Turbinsky V.V. – conceptualization and design of the study, writing of the manuscript, editing;
Kuz N.V. – conceptualization and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing of the manuscript.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. This research was carried out as part of the implementation of the state program “Ensuring Chemical and Biological Safety of the Russian Federation” for 2021–2027.

Received: February 4, 2025 / Accepted: March 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

Introduction. Air pollution by combustion products formed during wildfires poses a real risk for disorders of reproductive health in the population living under conditions of high smoke pollution from wildfires.

Materials and methods. Female white mongrel rats were exposed to peat smoke from the 14^th to the 18^th day of gestation. The offspring were examined on the 4^th, 7^th, 14^th, 21^st, 40^th, and 90^th days of postnatal development. Postnatal mortality, physical development, the rate of maturation of sensorimotor reflexes, muscle strength, motor activity, and electroencephalogram parameters in the offspring were assessed.

Results. Prenatal exposure to peat smoke leads to a significant decrease in survival and impaired physical development of the offspring of white rats. Newborn rats showed low body weight, a pronounced delay in the formation of the vestibular response, muscle strength and motor coordination. During puberty and in adult animals, changes in behavior and EEG were recorded only in males from the obtained offspring.

Limitations. This study is limited to the study of the offspring in white rats exposed to peat smoke from the 14^th to the 18^th days of gestation.

Conclusion. The consequences of exposure to peat smoke in the prenatal period were characterized by an increase in mortality over the neonatal period, impaired physical and sensorimotor development, and changes in the functional state of the central nervous system in the offspring.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the East Siberian Institute of Medical and Environmental Research (Protocol No. 32 of 01/10/2023), conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrates Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), directive of the European Parliament and the Council Of the European Union 2010/63/EC of 09/22/2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.

Contribution:
Vokina V.A. – development of the study concept and design, conducting the experiment, processing, analyzing and interpreting data, reviewing publications on the topic of the article; writing and design of the article;
Sosedova L.M. – development of the study concept and design, reviewing publications on the topic of the article; writing and design of the article;
Pankova A.A. – conducting the experiment, collecting and initially processing the material, statistical processing of data;
Abramova V.A. – collecting and initially processing the material, statistical processing of data;
Rukavishnikov V.S. – research methodology, approval of the manuscript for publication, checking critical content;
Savchenkov M.F. – critical revision of the manuscript, final approval of the article.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Funding. The work was carried out according to the research plan within the framework of the state task.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: March 19, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

Introduction. The timber removal vehicles drivers are one of the key positions at logging enterprises. When analyzing scientific research, they are noted to be insufficient in relation to the occupationally important qualities specifics in timber removal vehicles drivers with different job performance.

Materials and methods. The study involved one hundred eight drivers of timber removal vehicles working on a shift method.

The study aim was to identify and describe the occupationally important qualities of drivers in timber removal vehicles at a logging enterprise in the Far North with varying occupational performance to optimize the occipational selection system. There were used instrumental methods and psychological testing to diagnose individual-personal, emotional-volitional, communicative qualities, and motivational characteristics. Statistical methods are descriptive statistics, two-stage cluster and multivariate dispersion analysis.

Results. Statistically significant differences were established between representatives with high and average job performance levels regarding motivational characteristics, emotional-volitional and communicative qualities, individual-typological and intellectual properties. Most drivers are characterized by low functional processes mobility, high visual acuity, risk propensity and reliability in extreme situations, high psycho-emotional stability and low thinking stability, insignificant self-regulation of psycho-emotional states and high thinking self-regulation.

Limitations. The study was conducted under the influence of certain factors that have their own specifics (shift schedule, its duration at the time of the study, time of the study, type of shift, condition of drivers, etc.), and they may differ in other similar studies; the diagnostic tools used allow assessing the only part of the personal qualities in vehicles drivers in timber removal.

Conclusion. Drivers of vehicles transporting timber with high job performance are distinguished by a low orientation towards egoism, a higher programming as a regulatory process and conscious self-regulation of behavior, attentiveness and tact towards their trainee.

Compliance with ethical standards. The research program and methods were reviewed by the ethics committee of the Higher School of Psychology, Pedagogy and Physical Education of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University and recommended for use (protocol No. 5, 2023). All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.

Contribution:
Kosterina G.D. – collection and processing of material; writing of text; collection of literature data; editing;
Korneeva Ya.A. – concept and design of the study; collection and processing of material; writing of text; statistical processing; editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 24-28-20221).

Received: December 22, 2024 / Accepted: March 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

Introduction. The object of the study was the trend in the functional state in the human body when performing physical work using an industrial exoskeleton designed to unload the muscles of the back and arms when lifting, lowering, carrying, and holding loads weighing up to 50 kg. The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of applying an industrial exoskeleton to reduce fatigue in a work simulation environment.

Materials and methods. In the laboratory, a model of an employee’s work related to lifting, moving, and holding cargo was developed. To assess the efficiency of the application of an industrial exoskeleton, a comparison was made of the degrees of fatigue in terms of the functional state of skeletal muscles when performing laboratory model of labor activity with and without an industrial exoskeleton. The following biomedical methods were used: electromyography, myotonometry, and questionnaires. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis.

Results. When working with an exoskeleton, some muscles were in a state of less tension than when working without it. The results of the analysis of the subjective assessment of local stress showed the physical stress in the volunteers to be lower when working in an exoskeleton compared to working without it.

Limitations. A small sample size and modeling in labour activity in the laboratory does not allow taking into account all the factors that affect an employee using an exoskeleton in production. For a more complete evaluation of the efficiency of an industrial exoskeleton, it is necessary to take into account the dynamics of indicators of the cardiovascular, respiratory and other body systems.

Conclusions. From the point of view of the influence of the application of an industrial exoskeleton on the fatigue during production operations similar to the laboratory model of labor activity, it is possible to conclude about the efficiency of the application of an industrial exoskeleton.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was conducted in compliance with the protocol “Research on the safety and efficiency of the application of an industrial exoskeletons «ProEXOLight» и «ProEXOSuperLight»», approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health (protocol No. 1 of the meeting of the Local Ethics Committee dated 25/01/2023) and the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (as amended 2013) was carried out. All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.

Contribution:
Shuporin E.S. – concept and design of the study, writing text, editing;
Chudova E.S. – writing text, editing;
Ilyenko O.V. – concept and design of research, writing text;
Vaga I.N., Motkova T.Yu. – collection and processing of material, statistical processing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: March 3, 2025 / Revised: April 8 , 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

The article provides data of the analysis of Russian and foreign literature publicizing occupational risks, working conditions, and their impact on the health in various occupational groups of representatives. The search for scientific publications on this topic was carried out in the databases eLibrary, PubMed and on the official websites of scientific journals, which contain thematic headings on the issues we study. The search depth is fifteen years (2009–2024). The ongoing harmful and dangerous factors of the working environment and the labor process and their impact on the health status of representatives from various occupational groups are written about. Research has shown the nature and specifics of working conditions to affect the structure of morbidity. The analysis of literary sources has shown that the largest number of studies of working conditions, health status and occupational risks have been conducted in relation to workers in the machine-building industry, the metallurgical industry, the petrochemical and oil refining industries, and railway transport. Regarding teachers, research devoted the study of the working conditions of the teaching staff (teaching staff) in medical universities prevails.

Contribution:
Kuchma V.R. – the conception and design of the study, editing;
Kiyok O.V. – the concept and design of the study, the collection of material and data processing, statistical processing, writing the text, editing;
Enina E.Yu. – the collection of material and data processing, statistical processing, writing the text, editing;
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: February 2 , 2025 / Revised: March 5, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

Introduction. Early diagnostics of the psycho-emotional state and timely correction of the identified deviations can reduce the risk of mental health deviations in the future in children and adolescents.

Materials and methods. Pre-clinical diagnostics and stress correction were performed using modern hardware and software systems in students of three age groups: primary (n=247), middle (n=297) and senior (n=146) of general education institutions.

Results. It was found that with an increase in the level of neuropsychic stress by 1.3 times, students from primary to senior levels showed an increase in anxiety by 1.2 times in everyday and academic spheres, hostility by 1.3 times and aggressiveness by 1.2 times, an increase in the proportion of students with a high level of unproductive neuropsychic stress by 1.4 times and with a state of excessive constricting tension by 3.5 times, against the background of a decrease in peripheral body temperature by 1.2 times, an increase in muscle tension by 1.3 times and a pulse by 1.2 times. The use of functional biofeedback technology using the diaphragmatic breathing method was found to contribute to a decline in anxiety by 15.9% in everyday life, by 24.1% in the academic sphere and negative emotional experiences in educational activities by 21.5%, normalization of physiological markers of stress, formation of an optimal vegetative balance for the implementation of all possibilities in a stressful situation and a state of psychophysiological well-being in every second student after mastering the skill of diaphragmatic breathing.

Limitations. The use of diaphragmatic-relaxation breathing as a method for correcting the psychoemotional state may limit the possibility of extrapolating the obtained data to other studies that used electromyographic, electroencephalographic, temperature training or their combinations.

Conclusion. The effectiveness of the use of pre-clinical diagnostics and stress correction methods as an environmental factor of the habitat has been proven, which allows recommending them for implementation and use on the basis of general education institutions.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study complies with the latest revision of the Helsinki Declaration; approved by the local ethics committee of the Orenburg State Medical University (protocol No. 258 dated 10/09/2020). All participants and their legal representatives gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.

Contribution:
Setko N.P., Setko A.G. – concept and design of the study, editing;
Zhdanova O.M., Lukyanov S.E. – collecting and processing the material, statistical processing, writing the text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: December 30, 2024 / Accepted: March 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

Introduction. The most important factor in ensuring the solution of problems of medical and biological support for sports is the optimization of nutrition taking into account the tasks set at a certain stage of preparation.

Materials and methods. The study involved twenty one member of the Russian Freestyle National Team (12 men aged 22±1 years and 9 women (21±1 years)). Nutrition was assessed using the recording method – self-maintaining a food diary using the NIAP web service.

Results. For the first time, the nutrition in freestyle skiers was assessed using remote technologies and artificial intelligence. It was found that 67% had low intake of vitamins B₁, B₂ and C, 77% had low intake of beta-carotene and vitamin E, 89% had low intake of folic acid and vitamin K, 100% had low biotin, 44% had low intake of pantothenic acid and vitamin B₁₂, and 33% had low intake of B6 and niacin. The vitamin A content in the diet in 4 female athletes did not reach 400 µg. In men, the content of beta-carotene, folic acid and biotin in the diet was below the norm in 83%, 75% had low intake of vitamin K, 50% had low intake of E, 33% had low intake of C, 25% had low intake of B₁ and pantothenic acid, and 17% had low intake of niacin and B₆. All of them had a vitamin D deficiency. There was established insufficient consumption of a number of macro- and microelements, such as Ca and I in 8 out of 9 (89%), K and Mg in 7 (78%), Fe and Zn in 6 (67%). in women, and a smaller deficiency of the same elements, with the exception of iron, in men.

Limitations. To ensure the most precise nutritional information, it is crucial to provide respondents with pre training before using the NIAP online service and for a nutrition expert to control and validate the completed diaries on a daily basis.

Conclusion. It is essential to fine-tune the fundamental eating plan for freestyle skiers. In cases  of weight management or exceptionally high energy expenditure, it is recommended to incorporate specialized foodstuffs for sportsmen's nutrition, which address the specific nutritional gaps.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study protocol (as part of the implementation of FNI No. FGMF-2025-0002) was approved by the ethics committee of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety. All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.

Contribution:
Kobelkova I.V. – concept, organization and design of the study, collection of data, writing the text, editing;
Seledkova Yu.A. – concept and design of the study, collection and processing of data, statistical processing of data, writing the text;
Korosteleva M.M. – collection of data, writing the text, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Acknowledgments. We would like to express our gratitude to the Russian Freestyle Federation, represented by A.N. Kurashov, M.S. Nosov, V.V. Zebzeev, A.I. Lukina, K.N. Kireev, S.A. Lazarenko, D.R. Zakirov, M.F. Tomilin, A.I. Ponkratova for their active interest and assistance in organizing the study.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study was carried out within the framework of funds allocated for the implementation of the state assignment of the Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology (No. FGMF-2025-0002).

Received: Decemebr 20, 2024 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

Introduction. N-nitrosamines are priority potentially hazardous contaminants occurring in some food products; they pose a considerable threat for health in infants and toddlers. The valid standards substantiated per levels of carcinogenic risk regulate contents of two such compounds. However, it is necessary to accomplish complex assessment of impacts exerted by all identified N-nitrosamines at lower doses considering their non-carcinogenic effects. This will provide a more comprehensive approach to assessing risks associated with their intake with food products.

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of N-nitrosamines at their total intake with canned meat in infants and toddlers.

Materials and methods. The study involved Wistar rats (aged 4–8 weeks). The experiment animals were divided into a control group (standard fodder) and two test groups (canned meat). We estimated biochemical blood indices (AST, ALT, GGT, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase) and histological state of the liver, dose-dependent effects. Statistical analysis included the Mann – Whitney U-test and regression analysis.

Results. After a 28-day experiment, levels of biochemical indices turned out to be significantly higher in the test groups against the control (p < 0.05). Regression analysis confirmed an association between levels of exposure to N-nitrosamines and elevated levels of biomarkers of effect (R² for GGT = 0.725, p < 0.000001). Histology of the liver found a growing number of Kupffer cells (p < 0.05), which are markers of inflammatory response. We established model parameters for describing a relationship between likelihood of increased markers of the effect and the total dose of N-nitrosamines. Tolerable daily intake (TDI) was determined based on the study findings; it was equal to 0.00175 µg/kg of body weight, ensuring safety, taking into account the carcinogenic risk criterion.

Limitations. The obtained results are applicable exclusively to canned meat for infants and toddlers and cannot be extrapolated onto other food products or age groups.

Conclusion. The experiment results obtained by using markers of effects were also confirmed by histological studies. This indicates that the established regression parameters and TDI can be employed in quantification of health risks for infants and toddlers considering non-carcinogenic effects.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Rospotrebnadzor’s (Meeting Report No. 2 dated February 20, 2018) and conducted in conformity with the conventional research principles stated in the WMA Declaration of Helsinki (as of edited in 2013).

Contribution:
Suvorov D.V. – concept and design of the study, collection of literature data, statistical analysis, writing text;
Zaitseva N.V., Shur P.Z., Zemlyanova M.A. – concept of the study, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: April 3, 2025 / Revised: May 19, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

Introduction. Currently, magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxides are widely used in many branches of human activity. Among the production technologies, the most dangerous are metallurgical production, electric arc and gas welding, metal smelting and cutting at steel mills, during which metal oxide nanoparticles are formed in significant quantities.

Materials and methods. Male white rats were orally introduced for 10 days with an aqueous solution of Fe₃O₄AG (iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized with the polymer arabinogalactan) at doses of 500 µg/kg. After the end of the exposure, the animals were decapitated under light ether anesthesia. Blood, brain, liver, and kidneys were taken for biochemical, histological, and genotoxic analysis using the DNA comet method.

Results. Studies have shown a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin per unit of blood, a decrease in the total number of neurons in brain tissue, an increase in the area of the renal glomeruli chamber and an increase in DNA damage in nucleated blood cells.

Limitations. The experiment is limited to the study of biochemical parameters of peripheral blood, histological analysis of brain, liver and kidney tissue, as well as the study of the effect of iron oxide nanocomposite at doses of 500 µg/kg on male white rats the next day after a ten-day exposure.

Conclusion. The biological effect of iron oxide nanocomposite is characterized by a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin, DNA fragmentation in nucleated blood cells, an expansion of the chamber area of the renal glomeruli of the renal cortex, and a decrease in the total number of neurons in the sensorimotor cortex.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation (Protocol No. 1 dated December 18, 2017), conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union 2010/63/EC dated September 22, 2010 on the protection of animals used for for scientific purposes.

Contribution:
Titov E.A. – concept and design of the study, conducting histological examinations, data collection and processing, statistical data processing, writing, editing;
Neighbor L.M. – concept and design of the study, editing;
Novikov M.A. – concept and design of the study, conducting intragastric drug administration;
Pankova A.A. – conducting intragastric administration and histological examination;
Abramova V.A. – conducting a study of the genotoxicity of the drug;
Vokina V.A. – conducting biochemical studies;
Lisetskaya L.G. – assessment of the drug content in organs;
Alexandrova G.P. – synthesis and investigation of the physico-chemical properties of the nanocomposite.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The work was carried out according to the research plan within the framework of the state assignment.

Received: February 17, 2025 / Revised: April 7, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

Introduction. For several decades, herbicides have remained effective means of weed control, accounting for more than 60% of registered pesticide preparations. Among modern herbicides, combination preparations are popular. The range of combination preparations continues to increase, and currently there are more than fifty different names. Given the specific features of the joint interaction of pesticides, the requirements for their toxicological and hygienic assessment are increasing from year to year.

Materials and methods. To establish the nature of the combined action of chlorsulfuron with other active substances and study the nature and degree of interaction of these substances, the method of orthogonal experimental design using probability values was used.

Results. Based on the results of the studies, toxicity parameters were established and the nature and degree of interaction of various combinations of chlorsulfuron with other active substances: 2,4-D and dicamba were determined.

Limitations. When choosing toxicometric parameters for chlorsulfuronic acid, the intragroup number of rats is 6–10 individuals, depending on the tasks being solved, which is a sufficient reference sample.

Conclusion. The parameters of acute oral toxicity were established and the interdependent additive nature of the combined action of chlorsulfuron with other active substances was determined upon a single oral administration to the body of laboratory animals.

Compliance with ethical standards. Study approved of the Ethics Committee of the Federal Research Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman (Protocol of the Ethics Commission № 01/22 dated 27.20.2022). The study was conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union 2010/63/EC of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.

Contribution:
Bagreev A.Yu. – design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing the text;
Rakitskiy V.N. — research concept and design, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: February 2, 2025 / Revised: March 3, 2025 / Accepted: March 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

Introduction. Monitoring of soil pollution in man-made and natural areas is an essential part of the ecotoxicological testing system for the state of the environment. In modern conditions of agricultural production, soil pollution with heavy metals (HM) and pesticides is a pressing issue, including in Armenia. HM and pesticides can destroy ecosystems, impede plant growth, and have a detrimental effect on human well-being.

Materials and methods. Biotesting of the potential mutagenicity level of soil samples from three agricultural sites in the northeastern areas of Armenia was carried out in the Summer, taking into account the content of HM and pesticides in them. To determine the genetic effects in soil samples, a test for the detection of somatic mutations (Trad-SHM) and a micronucleus test (Trad-MCN) of the model test object Tradescantia (clone 02) were used.

Results. According to the main test criteria of both assays, the maximum level of point recessive mutations and frequency of micronuclei was established in soil samples of the pesticide-treated areas of the Lichk area, where their values were 3.6 times higher than the background level according to the Trad-MCN test and 13.9 times higher according to the Trad-SHM test, respectively. A statistically significant positive correlation was shown between the frequency of micronuclei and the concentration of As (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) in the studied soil samples. A significant positive correlation was also found between colorless mutations and stunted stamen hairs in the flower of Tradescantia and the chemical components As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn ( p < 0.01; p < 0.001) in the studied soil samples.

Limitations. This paper presents the results of the total mutagenic activity of the studied soil samples, taking into account their multicomponent composition in the soil-plant system.

Conclusion. It is recommended to continue such studies using model test systems aimed at identifying the long-term effects of HM and pesticides on ecosystems and human health, taking into account seasonal changes.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents.

Contribution:
Atoyants A.L. – the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material;
Avalyan R.E. – the concept and design of the study, writing text, statistical processing, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: January 29, 2025 / Accepted: March 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

The article presents a meta-analysis of the toxic effects of lead on the human body. At present, soil pollution with heavy metals is one of the most important problems of modern ecology. The constant gain of motor transport in the country has led to the fact that the main share of harmful emissions, including heavy metals, into the environment of large cities comes from cars. Heavy metals, having entered the soil, are included in the natural cycle of substances and removed from it very slowly during leaching, erosion, and deflation, as well as consumption by plants. One of the main pollutants entering the environment from motor transport is lead. Lead is a stable pollutant and clinical manifestations of its toxicity are life-threatening. The analysis revealed lead to accumulate in organs and tissues unevenly. Chronic lead poisoning poses a threat, first of all, to the health and mental development of the younger generation and thus the future of the all mankind. Lead creates conditions for the launch of a cascade of pathobiochemical reactions leading to an increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products. Lead absorption occurs mainly in the bronchioles and alveoli, from where it penetrates directly into the blood. Thus, with lead poisoning, the cardiovascular and respiratory systems suffer the most. Exposure to lead adversely affects the reproductive system. The high toxicity and danger of heavy metals to human health, the possibility of their dispersion in the environment dictates the need to control their content in soils located along transport highways with a potentially high technogenic load.

Contribution:
Grigorieva A.A. – collection of material and data processing, writing of text, editing;
Mironova G.E. – editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: December 28, 2025 / Revised: January 29, 2025 / Accepted: March 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

Introduction. Thioacetamide is an organosulfur compound widely used in industry and as a model toxicant in experiments on laboratory animals. Despite certain successes in finding ways to correct toxic changes in the liver using pharmacological agents, surgical intervention or exposure to physical factors, the effectiveness  of treating liver fibrosis and cirrhosis is currently low.

Purpose of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic correction of thioacetamide hepatotoxicity with long-term exposure.

Materials and methods. The experiment were conducted over 100 days on 56 outbred conventional male rats. Thioacetamide was administered intraperitoneally twice a week at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. The carrier and control substance were saline. Correction was performed 1 hour before the toxicant ademetionine and a complex compound of 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil with acetylcysteine. Biochemical, genetic, and morphological parameters were studied at periods of 50 and 100 days. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 21.0 software (IBM, USA).

Results. When exposed to thioacetamide, the activity of the studied enzymes increased. The results of histomorphological studies at two time points of the experiment indicate the effect of thioacetamide on the rat liver to manifest in the form of mixed (postnecrotic and atrophic) cirrhosis. A tendency towards an increase in the expression of the Casp7 gene was established. Preventive administration of corrective drugs had a noticeable effect on the activity of the gamma-glutamyl transferase enzyme. Ademetionine was more effective at 50 days, and MG-10 at 100 days. With prophylactic administration of MG-10, the growth of fibrous tissue in the liver and its infiltration with leukocytes were visualized to a lesser extent.

The limitations of the study are that with long-term exposure to TAA, the hepatoprotective efficacy of the drugs was assessed only for two apoptosis genes. For a more complete assessment of the effectiveness of the correction, it is necessary to compare the results with other indicators of the toxic effect of TAA.

Conclusion. Thioacetamide, when administered for a long time at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w., causes a significant hepatotoxic effect, manifested in pathological changes in biochemical, morphological, and genetic parameters. Prophylactic administration of a complex compound of oxymethyluracil with acetylcysteine ​​​​has  a greater hepatoprotective effect.

Compliance with ethical standards. the study was approved by the bioethical commission of the Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology (the meeting report No. 01–02 dated 08.02.2024), conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or for Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), Directive of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union 2010/63/EC  of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.

Contributions:
Repina E.F. – study concept and design, statistical analysis, writing the text;
Gimadieva A.R. – synthesis of a complex compound of oxymethyluracil with acetylcysteine;
Karimov D.O., Ryabova Yu.V. – study concept and design, editing;
Kulagin E.A., Smolyankin D.A., Gizatullina A.A., Yakupova T.G., Karimov D.D. – data collection and processing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The work was carried out as part of the state assignment for the industry research program of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing “Scientific substantiation of the national system for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare, health risk management and improving the quality of life of the population of Russia” for 2021–2025. p. 6.1.8, state. Registration No 121062100058-8.

Received: January 29, 2025 / Accepted: March 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

Introduction. Acrylamide is a toxicant encountered in both industrial and domestic settings. It forms during the thermal processing of food and is used in industrial processes, increasing the risk of human exposure. Acrylamide has nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, and genotoxic properties, but its impact on cellular mechanisms, including antioxidant and detoxification systems, remains insufficiently studied. Investigating the expression of the Gstp and Gclc genes, involved in antioxidant defense, is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of acrylamide-induced changes.Th

The aim of the work was to study the changes in the expression of the Gstp and Gclc genes under prolonged acrylamide exposure and to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive measures using oxymethyluracil-based compounds.

Materials and methods. The experiment involved sixty male white rats received acrylamide (5 mg/kg body weight) daily for 90 days. Preventive correction was conducted one hour before acrylamide administration. Gene expression levels were assessed using real-time PCR.

Results. Prolonged acrylamide exposure caused changes in the expression of the Gstp and Gclc genes in kidney tissue. The expression of Gstp significantly increased, especially in groups received preventive correction with ascorbic acid-containing compounds. The expression of Gclc initially decreased but increased after 3 months, particularly with the use of acetylcysteine and sodium succinate.

Limitations. This study focused on evaluating the expression levels of two key Gstp and Gclc genes, associated with antioxidant defense under prolonged acrylamide exposure. However, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of acrylamide-induced nephrotoxicity, further analysis is required to include other genetic markers related to detoxification, inflammation, and oxidative stress. There is also needed the multifactorial approach, incorporating the assessment of biochemical and physiological indicators of toxic exposure.

Conclusion. Acrylamide negatively affects kidney function, as evidenced by changes in the expression of Gstp and Gclc genes. The most effective prevention was observed with the use of oxymethyluracil combined with acetylcysteine.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology (protocol of the meeting dated December 17, 2024, No. 01-12). Experiments were conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123) and Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 22, 2010, on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.

Contributions:
Yakupova T.G. – study concept and design, material collection and processing, statistical analysis, writing text;
Karimov D.D., Karimov D.O. – study concept and design, statistical analysis;
Ryabova Yu.V., Repina E.F., Garipova Z.R. – material collection and processing;
Mukhamadieva G.F. – editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. This study was conducted as part of the implementation of the state assignment included in the sectoral research program of Rospotrebnadzor, titled «Development of scientific foundations for the national system ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being, health risk management, and improving the quality of life of the population of the Russian Federation» for the period 2021–2025, item 6.1.8. State registration number: 121062100058-8.

Received: January 19 , 2025 / Revised: January 31, 2025 / Accepted: March 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

Introduction. The study of toxicity of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO NPs) is relevant owing to their ubiquity in the environment and human health impact with the focus on their neurotoxic effects. Apoptosis induced by irreversible DNA damage is one of the possible mechanisms of neurotoxicity. To confirm this hypothesis, studies of ATM and MDM2 gene expression and metabolomic analysis were conducted.

The purpose was to establish neurotoxicity of inhalation exposure of laboratory animals to PbO NPs using gene expression analysis and metabolomics.

Materials and methods. The subchronic experiment with inhalation exposure to PbO NPs at the concentration of 1.55 ± 0.06 mg/m³ was conducted on twenty female albino rats equally divided into exposure and control groups for 5 days a week during 4 weeks. The mRNA level of the ATM and MDM2 genes in olfactory bulbs in the rats was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Semi-quantitative metabolomic analysis of animal brain tissues was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results. ATM gene expression in the olfactory bulb was statistically higher in the exposed animals compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Metabolome analysis revealed changes in the metabolism of lysophosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylcholines, acylcarnitines, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid amide, phosphorylcholine, inosine, and hypoxanthine in the exposed rodents. For the combination of metabolites detected, a ROC curve with an AUC value of 0.903 was constructed.

Limitations. The study was conducted using female Wistar rats with no potential sex differences considered.

Conclusion. Taken together, the obtained gene expression and metabolomics data indicate that inhalation exposure to PbO NPs at the concentration of 1,55 ± 0,06 mg/m³ induces ATM-mediated p53-induced apoptosis in the animal brain.

Compliance with ethical standards. The local Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers concluded that the animals were kept, fed, cared for, and sacrificed in accordance with generally accepted requirements, taking into account the ARRIVE guidelines. Ethics approval was provided by the Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (protocol No. 5 of October 16, 2023).

Contribution:
Kikot A.M. — data processing, statistical analysis, draft manuscript preparation, editing;
Unesikhina M.S. — data collection and processing, statistical analysis, draft manuscript preparation, editing;
Shaikhova D.R. — data processing, editing;
Bereza I.A. — data collection and processing, editing;
Nikogosyan K.M. — data collection, editing;
Minigalieva I.A. — study conception and design, editing;
Sutunkova M.P. — study conception and design.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: March 28, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

Natural and climatic conditions are among the most important factors acting on the Earth on a global scale, independently of anyone’s will inevitably influencing all aspects of human existence, and, what is especially significant, the state of his health. Natural and climatic factors are included in social and hygienic monitoring (SHM): the identification of dependencies between their trend and the health of the population has always been of scientific interest, and in modern conditions it is acquiring particular importance in connection with global warming and significant changes in the impact of climate on morbidity and mortality in the population.

The research material was scientific reports on the problems of the trend in global warming indicators, materials available in the scientific press devoted to the discussion of possible causes (natural and anthropogenic) of the current climate change and the resulting danger of adverse consequences of the unfolding climate crisis for the inhabitants of planet Earth. Attention was paid to the work on identifying the links between the abnormally changing natural and climatic conditions during global warming, in particular, non-optimal temperatures of the atmospheric air, with the health status and mortality rates in the population, especially its most vulnerable contingents. Literature search methods: according to the CyberLeninka and PubMed databases, selective, analytical, and typological.

Conclusion. The most important indicators, mirroring the overall result of direct and indirect interaction of humanity with natural and climatic factors and their abnormal changes, remain morbidity and mortality in the population. The review emphasizes the danger of global climate change and the increasing role of social and hygienic monitoring in the registration, study and assessment of the risk of natural and climatic factors for public health as priority areas, largely determining the future effectiveness of counteracting the adverse effects of global warming on the health of citizens of the Russian Federation.

Contribution. All co-authors made an equal contribution to the research and preparation of the article for publication.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: May 12, 2025 / Accepted: May 28, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

Introduction. The composition of the water source determined by natural and anthropogenic processes can pose human health risks due to the lack of necessary information on the physicochemical and toxic properties of compounds and imperfection of water treatment technologies. Monitoring of integrated indicators, combined with bioassay and further decoding of biological response predictors, seems to be the most effective solution to water quality and safety evaluation. Bioassay is important for assessing exposure, establishing dose-response relationships and toxicokinetic properties of substances.

The aim was to assess the quality and safety of water based on physicochemical indices and using a cell culture bioassay.

Materials and methods. We tested physicochemical parameters of surface water and treated potable water before being distributed in Spring to Autumn, 2023. The MTT assay was conducted on a human keratinocyte culture describing cell viability. The most significant predictors of cellular response were selected using regression analysis.

Results. We observed seasonal variations in the level of summary indicators and the ionic composition of water. We also revealed excessive concentrations of aluminum and iron in the water source and an elevated permanganate index of treated water. The lowest value of the fibroblast culture viability level was found following exposure to surface water sampled in Spring, while treated water did not reduce cell viability over three seasons.

Limitations. The study did not cover the winter season due to insufficient volume of cell culture available for biotesting.

Conclusions. We established physicochemical quality and safety parameters of source and treated water. Modeling showed that chelated manganese was a predictor of the biological response. The test object used turned out to be insensitive to indicators exceeding the maximum allowable levels in water.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents.

Contributions:
Khlystov I.A. – study conception and design, draft manuscript preparation and editing, bibliography compilation and referencing;
Karpova E.P., Shtin T.N. – data collection and analysis;
Bushueva T.V. – study conception and design, bibliography compilation and referencing, editing;
Kharkova P.K. – bibliography compilation and referencing, data analysis.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: May 6, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025